WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.060 Unknown: you 00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:32.060 Unknown: you 00:01:00.000 --> 00:01:02.060 Unknown: you 00:01:30.000 --> 00:01:32.060 Unknown: you 00:02:00.000 --> 00:02:02.060 Unknown: you 00:02:30.000 --> 00:02:32.060 Unknown: you 00:03:00.000 --> 00:03:02.060 Unknown: you 00:03:30.000 --> 00:03:32.060 Unknown: you 00:04:00.000 --> 00:04:02.060 Unknown: you 00:04:30.000 --> 00:04:32.000 Unknown: you 00:04:32.000 --> 00:04:34.000 Unknown: you 00:04:34.000 --> 00:04:36.000 Unknown: you 00:04:36.000 --> 00:04:38.000 Unknown: you 00:04:38.000 --> 00:04:40.000 Unknown: you 00:04:40.000 --> 00:04:42.000 Unknown: you 00:04:42.000 --> 00:04:44.000 Unknown: you 00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:46.000 Unknown: you 00:04:46.000 --> 00:04:48.000 Unknown: you 00:04:48.000 --> 00:04:50.000 Unknown: you 00:04:50.000 --> 00:04:52.000 Unknown: you 00:04:52.000 --> 00:04:54.000 Unknown: you 00:04:54.000 --> 00:04:56.000 SPEAKER_06: you want to give it five seconds 00:04:56.000 --> 00:04:58.000 SPEAKER_06: five seconds 00:04:58.000 --> 00:05:01.000 SPEAKER_00: and then we will call the 00:05:01.000 --> 00:05:02.000 SPEAKER_06: meeting to be recorded. 00:05:02.000 --> 00:05:03.000 SPEAKER_06: Good evening everyone and 00:05:03.000 --> 00:05:04.000 SPEAKER_06: welcome to the strategic 00:05:04.000 --> 00:05:05.000 SPEAKER_06: development committee and 00:05:05.000 --> 00:05:07.000 SPEAKER_06: special board meeting of 00:05:07.000 --> 00:05:08.000 SPEAKER_06: April 7, 2026. This room 00:05:08.000 --> 00:05:10.000 SPEAKER_06: is equipped with a safety 00:05:10.000 --> 00:05:12.000 SPEAKER_06: alarm if the alarm sounds 00:05:12.000 --> 00:05:14.000 SPEAKER_06: please leave in an orderly 00:05:14.000 --> 00:05:16.000 SPEAKER_06: manner via the exits to the 00:05:16.000 --> 00:05:18.000 SPEAKER_06: lobby or behind the dais 00:05:18.000 --> 00:05:19.000 SPEAKER_06: assembly in front of the 00:05:19.000 --> 00:05:20.000 SPEAKER_06: building and wait to hear 00:05:20.000 --> 00:05:21.000 Unknown: all clear announcement from 00:05:21.000 --> 00:05:22.000 SPEAKER_06: security before reentering. 00:05:22.000 --> 00:05:24.000 SPEAKER_06: This meeting is being 00:05:24.000 --> 00:05:25.000 Unknown: recorded and can be accessed 00:05:25.000 --> 00:05:26.000 SPEAKER_06: on SMUD's website. Please 00:05:26.000 --> 00:05:27.000 SPEAKER_06: remember to unmute your 00:05:27.000 --> 00:05:28.000 SPEAKER_06: microphone and turn off the 00:05:28.000 --> 00:05:29.000 SPEAKER_06: lights so that our virtual 00:05:29.000 --> 00:05:30.000 SPEAKER_06: attendees may hear. The 00:05:30.000 --> 00:05:31.000 SPEAKER_06: microphone will display a 00:05:31.000 --> 00:05:32.000 SPEAKER_06: green indicator light when 00:05:32.000 --> 00:05:33.000 Unknown: the mic is on. For members 00:05:33.000 --> 00:05:34.000 SPEAKER_06: of the public attending in 00:05:34.000 --> 00:05:35.000 SPEAKER_06: person that wish to speak at 00:05:35.000 --> 00:05:36.000 SPEAKER_06: this meeting, please fill out 00:05:36.000 --> 00:05:37.000 SPEAKER_06: a speaker's request form 00:05:37.000 --> 00:05:38.000 SPEAKER_06: located on the table outside 00:05:38.000 --> 00:05:39.000 SPEAKER_06: the room and hand it to 00:05:39.000 --> 00:05:40.000 SPEAKER_06: SMUD's security. Members of 00:05:40.000 --> 00:05:41.000 SPEAKER_06: the public attending this 00:05:41.000 --> 00:05:42.000 SPEAKER_06: meeting virtually that wish 00:05:42.000 --> 00:05:43.000 Unknown: to provide verbal comments 00:05:43.000 --> 00:05:44.000 SPEAKER_06: during the committee meeting 00:05:44.000 --> 00:05:45.000 SPEAKER_06: may do so by using the 00:05:45.000 --> 00:05:46.000 SPEAKER_06: raise hand feature in 00:05:46.000 --> 00:05:47.000 SPEAKER_06: zoom or pressing star 9 00:05:47.000 --> 00:05:48.000 SPEAKER_06: while dialed into the 00:05:48.000 --> 00:05:49.000 SPEAKER_06: telephone toll-free number 00:05:49.000 --> 00:05:50.000 SPEAKER_06: at the time the public 00:05:50.000 --> 00:05:51.000 SPEAKER_06: comment is called. Technical 00:05:51.000 --> 00:05:52.000 SPEAKER_06: supports act of the public 00:05:52.000 --> 00:05:53.000 SPEAKER_06: call. The public will 00:05:53.000 --> 00:05:54.000 SPEAKER_06: call the meeting to speak at 00:05:54.000 --> 00:05:55.000 SPEAKER_06: the meeting. The public 00:05:55.000 --> 00:05:56.000 SPEAKER_06: will call the meeting to 00:05:56.000 --> 00:05:57.000 SPEAKER_06: speak at the meeting. The 00:05:57.000 --> 00:05:58.000 SPEAKER_06: public will call the meeting 00:05:58.000 --> 00:05:59.000 SPEAKER_06: to speak at the meeting. 00:05:59.000 --> 00:06:00.000 SPEAKER_06: Technical support staff will 00:06:00.000 --> 00:06:01.000 SPEAKER_06: enable the audio for you when 00:06:01.000 --> 00:06:02.000 SPEAKER_06: your name is announced during 00:06:02.000 --> 00:06:03.000 SPEAKER_06: the public comment period. You 00:06:03.000 --> 00:06:04.000 SPEAKER_06: may also submit written 00:06:04.000 --> 00:06:05.000 SPEAKER_06: comments by emailing them to 00:06:05.000 --> 00:06:07.000 SPEAKER_06: public comment at SMUD.org. 00:06:07.000 --> 00:06:08.000 SPEAKER_06: Written comments will not be 00:06:08.000 --> 00:06:09.000 SPEAKER_06: read into the record but will 00:06:09.000 --> 00:06:10.000 SPEAKER_06: be provided to the board 00:06:10.000 --> 00:06:11.000 SPEAKER_06: electronically and placed into 00:06:11.000 --> 00:06:13.000 SPEAKER_06: the record of the meeting if 00:06:13.000 --> 00:06:14.000 SPEAKER_06: received within two hours 00:06:14.000 --> 00:06:16.000 SPEAKER_06: after the meeting ends. Chief 00:06:16.000 --> 00:06:17.000 SPEAKER_06: legal officer, please conduct 00:06:17.000 --> 00:06:18.000 SPEAKER_06: the roll call. 00:06:18.000 --> 00:06:19.000 SPEAKER_06: Director Fishman. 00:06:19.000 --> 00:06:20.000 SPEAKER_05: Here. 00:06:20.000 --> 00:06:21.000 Unknown: Director Herber. 00:06:21.000 --> 00:06:22.000 SPEAKER_05: Here. 00:06:22.000 --> 00:06:23.000 SPEAKER_05: Chair Samborn. 00:06:23.000 --> 00:06:24.000 SPEAKER_05: Here. 00:06:24.000 --> 00:06:25.000 SPEAKER_05: All committee members are 00:06:25.000 --> 00:06:26.000 SPEAKER_05: present. Also present are 00:06:26.000 --> 00:06:28.000 SPEAKER_05: directors Rose, Buick-Thompson, 00:06:28.000 --> 00:06:29.000 SPEAKER_05: Kirth and present Tamaia. 00:06:29.000 --> 00:06:32.000 SPEAKER_05: Fantastic. So we will move into 00:06:32.000 --> 00:06:34.000 SPEAKER_06: item number one on our agenda, 00:06:34.000 --> 00:06:35.000 SPEAKER_06: which is to provide the board 00:06:35.000 --> 00:06:37.000 SPEAKER_06: with an internal and external 00:06:37.000 --> 00:06:40.000 SPEAKER_06: presentation and discussion on 00:06:40.000 --> 00:06:41.000 SPEAKER_06: the vehicle to grid 00:06:41.000 --> 00:06:43.000 SPEAKER_06: technologies. I'm very excited 00:06:43.000 --> 00:06:44.000 SPEAKER_06: about this presentation and I 00:06:44.000 --> 00:06:45.000 SPEAKER_06: want to thank director Herber 00:06:45.000 --> 00:06:47.000 SPEAKER_06: for doing the pre-brief. Our 00:06:47.000 --> 00:06:49.000 SPEAKER_06: presenters are James Frazier, 00:06:49.000 --> 00:06:50.000 SPEAKER_06: director of research and 00:06:50.000 --> 00:06:51.000 SPEAKER_06: development grants and 00:06:51.000 --> 00:06:53.000 SPEAKER_06: partnerships and Zach Wogan, 00:06:53.000 --> 00:06:55.000 SPEAKER_06: executive director of the 00:06:55.000 --> 00:06:56.000 SPEAKER_06: vehicle to grid integration 00:06:56.000 --> 00:07:04.000 SPEAKER_06: council. Welcome. 00:07:04.000 --> 00:07:06.000 Unknown: Excellent. Thank you for having 00:07:06.000 --> 00:07:07.000 SPEAKER_00: me. My name is Zach Wogan. I'm 00:07:07.000 --> 00:07:08.000 SPEAKER_00: the executive director of the 00:07:08.000 --> 00:07:10.000 SPEAKER_00: vehicle grid integration 00:07:10.000 --> 00:07:12.000 SPEAKER_00: council or VGIC. I'm going to 00:07:12.000 --> 00:07:14.000 Unknown: share more about the state of 00:07:14.000 --> 00:07:15.000 SPEAKER_00: bidirectional charging solutions 00:07:15.000 --> 00:07:17.000 SPEAKER_00: or as it's often called vehicle 00:07:17.000 --> 00:07:20.000 SPEAKER_00: to grid technologies or vehicle 00:07:20.000 --> 00:07:22.000 SPEAKER_00: to everything technologies. I'm 00:07:22.000 --> 00:07:23.000 Unknown: going to start with a statement 00:07:23.000 --> 00:07:25.000 SPEAKER_00: that unifies our organization, 00:07:25.000 --> 00:07:26.000 SPEAKER_00: which is that EVs represent 00:07:26.000 --> 00:07:28.000 SPEAKER_00: untapped potential beyond 00:07:28.000 --> 00:07:31.000 SPEAKER_00: mobility as distributed energy 00:07:31.000 --> 00:07:32.000 SPEAKER_00: resources to support an 00:07:32.000 --> 00:07:35.000 SPEAKER_00: affordable and reliable energy 00:07:35.000 --> 00:07:38.000 SPEAKER_00: future. VGIC, as we call 00:07:38.000 --> 00:07:42.000 SPEAKER_00: ourselves, is a national 501C6 00:07:42.000 --> 00:07:44.000 SPEAKER_00: member-based trade association 00:07:44.000 --> 00:07:46.000 SPEAKER_00: focused on unlocking the value 00:07:46.000 --> 00:07:47.000 SPEAKER_00: of managed charging, 00:07:47.000 --> 00:07:49.000 SPEAKER_00: bidirectional charging and DER 00:07:49.000 --> 00:07:51.000 SPEAKER_00: paired charging, in other words 00:07:51.000 --> 00:07:53.000 SPEAKER_00: solar back charging or battery 00:07:53.000 --> 00:07:55.000 SPEAKER_00: buffered storage paired charging 00:07:55.000 --> 00:07:57.000 SPEAKER_00: or generators, EV charging 00:07:57.000 --> 00:07:58.000 SPEAKER_00: microgrids, all the fun stuff 00:07:58.000 --> 00:07:59.000 SPEAKER_00: you could do with EVs and 00:07:59.000 --> 00:08:00.000 SPEAKER_00: chargers beyond just getting 00:08:00.000 --> 00:08:03.000 SPEAKER_00: them out there. We are supported 00:08:03.000 --> 00:08:06.000 SPEAKER_00: by around 35 organizations, 00:08:06.000 --> 00:08:07.000 SPEAKER_00: including many of the large 00:08:07.000 --> 00:08:09.000 SPEAKER_00: automotive manufacturers across 00:08:09.000 --> 00:08:11.000 SPEAKER_00: light, medium and heavy duty 00:08:11.000 --> 00:08:13.000 SPEAKER_00: vehicles, folks that do 00:08:13.000 --> 00:08:15.000 SPEAKER_00: manufacturing of EV charging 00:08:15.000 --> 00:08:17.000 SPEAKER_00: stations, folks that deploy and 00:08:18.000 --> 00:08:20.000 SPEAKER_00: install EV charging stations 00:08:20.000 --> 00:08:23.000 SPEAKER_00: and sites that charge EVs, 00:08:23.000 --> 00:08:25.000 SPEAKER_00: and other tier one suppliers 00:08:25.000 --> 00:08:27.000 SPEAKER_00: of software and hardware, 00:08:27.000 --> 00:08:29.000 SPEAKER_00: as well as aggregators that can 00:08:29.000 --> 00:08:30.000 SPEAKER_00: tap into these vehicles and 00:08:30.000 --> 00:08:32.000 SPEAKER_00: chargers and provide services 00:08:32.000 --> 00:08:33.000 SPEAKER_00: to a utility or to the grid. 00:08:33.000 --> 00:08:35.000 SPEAKER_00: Excuse some of the aesthetic 00:08:35.000 --> 00:08:37.000 SPEAKER_00: wonkiness of the slides here. 00:08:37.000 --> 00:08:38.000 SPEAKER_00: We're used to doing white 00:08:38.000 --> 00:08:39.000 SPEAKER_00: background, but learned we 00:08:39.000 --> 00:08:41.000 SPEAKER_00: can't do white background here. 00:08:43.000 --> 00:08:44.000 Unknown: That's perfect timing on the 00:08:44.000 --> 00:08:46.000 SPEAKER_00: aesthetic wonkiness. 00:08:46.000 --> 00:08:48.000 SPEAKER_00: What is vehicle grid 00:08:48.000 --> 00:08:49.000 SPEAKER_00: integration? This is sort of an 00:08:49.000 --> 00:08:51.000 SPEAKER_00: alphabet soup space, so I've 00:08:51.000 --> 00:08:52.000 SPEAKER_00: taken out a lot of the acronyms 00:08:52.000 --> 00:08:54.000 SPEAKER_00: that are often viewed in this 00:08:54.000 --> 00:08:56.000 SPEAKER_00: world and want to focus in on 00:08:56.000 --> 00:09:00.000 SPEAKER_00: what the orange box is situated 00:09:00.000 --> 00:09:02.000 SPEAKER_00: around grid isolated 00:09:02.000 --> 00:09:04.000 SPEAKER_00: bidirectional charging and grid 00:09:04.000 --> 00:09:06.000 SPEAKER_00: parallel bidirectional charging. 00:09:06.000 --> 00:09:08.000 SPEAKER_00: Grid isolated can be islanded 00:09:08.000 --> 00:09:10.000 SPEAKER_00: systems that provide backup 00:09:10.000 --> 00:09:12.000 SPEAKER_00: power, for example, to a home 00:09:12.000 --> 00:09:14.000 SPEAKER_00: or building, and grid parallel 00:09:14.000 --> 00:09:15.000 SPEAKER_00: bidirectional charging systems 00:09:15.000 --> 00:09:17.000 SPEAKER_00: are interconnected to the 00:09:17.000 --> 00:09:19.000 SPEAKER_00: utility's grid and providing 00:09:19.000 --> 00:09:21.000 SPEAKER_00: power to a home, business, or 00:09:21.000 --> 00:09:24.000 SPEAKER_00: back to the grid, either to help 00:09:24.000 --> 00:09:26.000 SPEAKER_00: manage a customer's bill or to 00:09:26.000 --> 00:09:28.000 SPEAKER_00: participate in some sort of 00:09:28.000 --> 00:09:30.000 SPEAKER_00: export program or rate. 00:09:30.000 --> 00:09:31.000 Unknown: A bunch of other stuff on this 00:09:31.000 --> 00:09:32.000 SPEAKER_00: slide that we're not here to 00:09:32.000 --> 00:09:34.000 SPEAKER_00: talk about today, but happy to 00:09:34.000 --> 00:09:35.000 SPEAKER_00: follow up if folks have 00:09:35.000 --> 00:09:36.000 SPEAKER_00: questions. 00:09:36.000 --> 00:09:39.000 Unknown: Why VGI now? Why do we focus on 00:09:39.000 --> 00:09:40.000 SPEAKER_00: this at the organization? Why 00:09:40.000 --> 00:09:42.000 SPEAKER_00: do I personally wake up and work 00:09:42.000 --> 00:09:43.000 SPEAKER_00: on this every day? First and 00:09:44.000 --> 00:09:45.000 SPEAKER_00: foremost, to accelerate 00:09:45.000 --> 00:09:47.000 SPEAKER_00: transportation electrification. 00:09:47.000 --> 00:09:49.000 Unknown: All those opportunities, those 00:09:49.000 --> 00:09:50.000 SPEAKER_00: use cases I mentioned a moment 00:09:50.000 --> 00:09:52.000 SPEAKER_00: ago, can help to reduce the 00:09:52.000 --> 00:09:53.000 SPEAKER_00: total cost of ownership of 00:09:53.000 --> 00:09:55.000 SPEAKER_00: electric vehicles, and this is 00:09:55.000 --> 00:09:56.000 SPEAKER_00: particularly important for 00:09:56.000 --> 00:09:58.000 SPEAKER_00: fleets that use that total cost 00:09:58.000 --> 00:09:59.000 SPEAKER_00: of ownership calculator to make 00:09:59.000 --> 00:10:00.000 SPEAKER_00: their decisions on when to 00:10:00.000 --> 00:10:01.000 SPEAKER_00: electrify. 00:10:01.000 --> 00:10:03.000 SPEAKER_00: The second reason is to support 00:10:03.000 --> 00:10:04.000 SPEAKER_00: the evolving power sector, 00:10:04.000 --> 00:10:06.000 SPEAKER_00: helping to manage the build out 00:10:06.000 --> 00:10:08.000 SPEAKER_00: of the grid by using load 00:10:08.000 --> 00:10:11.000 SPEAKER_00: flexibility solutions and 00:10:11.000 --> 00:10:12.000 SPEAKER_00: exporting solutions and battery 00:10:12.000 --> 00:10:15.000 SPEAKER_00: storage can reduce costs and 00:10:15.000 --> 00:10:17.000 SPEAKER_00: bolster the reliability of the 00:10:17.000 --> 00:10:18.000 SPEAKER_00: grid. 00:10:18.000 --> 00:10:20.000 SPEAKER_00: A third item I referenced just a 00:10:20.000 --> 00:10:21.000 SPEAKER_00: moment ago, reducing cost, 00:10:21.000 --> 00:10:23.000 SPEAKER_00: ensuring we could accelerate 00:10:23.000 --> 00:10:24.000 SPEAKER_00: transportation electrification 00:10:24.000 --> 00:10:26.000 SPEAKER_00: and in doing so, expand the 00:10:26.000 --> 00:10:28.000 SPEAKER_00: consumption of electricity while 00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:30.000 SPEAKER_00: also making better use and 00:10:30.000 --> 00:10:31.000 SPEAKER_00: utilization of the grid we 00:10:31.000 --> 00:10:33.000 SPEAKER_00: already have can help to place 00:10:33.000 --> 00:10:34.000 SPEAKER_00: downward pressure on those 00:10:34.000 --> 00:10:35.000 SPEAKER_00: average rates. 00:10:35.000 --> 00:10:37.000 SPEAKER_00: So lower numerator, larger 00:10:37.000 --> 00:10:39.000 SPEAKER_00: denominator, lower average rates, 00:10:39.000 --> 00:10:40.000 SPEAKER_00: a lot of that's achieved through 00:10:41.000 --> 00:10:43.000 SPEAKER_00: aligning EV load consumption and 00:10:43.000 --> 00:10:44.000 SPEAKER_00: exports with when it's most 00:10:44.000 --> 00:10:45.000 SPEAKER_00: useful for the grid. 00:10:45.000 --> 00:10:47.000 SPEAKER_00: Fourth, perhaps most intuitive 00:10:47.000 --> 00:10:49.000 SPEAKER_00: for a lot of folks, community 00:10:49.000 --> 00:10:50.000 SPEAKER_00: resilience, large batteries in 00:10:50.000 --> 00:10:52.000 SPEAKER_00: your driveway, in your garage, 00:10:52.000 --> 00:10:54.000 SPEAKER_00: there's an opportunity to tap 00:10:54.000 --> 00:10:55.000 SPEAKER_00: into that when the power goes 00:10:55.000 --> 00:10:57.000 SPEAKER_00: out, when there's a storm, when 00:10:57.000 --> 00:10:58.000 SPEAKER_00: there's a planned or unplanned 00:10:58.000 --> 00:11:00.000 SPEAKER_00: outage and using that to back up 00:11:00.000 --> 00:11:01.000 SPEAKER_00: your home or business or maybe an 00:11:01.000 --> 00:11:03.000 SPEAKER_00: islanded section of the grid in 00:11:03.000 --> 00:11:04.000 SPEAKER_00: a microgrid configuration. 00:11:04.000 --> 00:11:06.000 SPEAKER_00: And lastly, fostering economic 00:11:06.000 --> 00:11:08.000 SPEAKER_00: activity, those 30 or 40 00:11:08.000 --> 00:11:10.000 SPEAKER_00: companies I had on our sort of 00:11:10.000 --> 00:11:13.000 SPEAKER_00: NASCAR logo soup slide earlier 00:11:13.000 --> 00:11:14.000 SPEAKER_00: all have electricians and 00:11:14.000 --> 00:11:16.000 SPEAKER_00: installers and training 00:11:16.000 --> 00:11:17.000 SPEAKER_00: facilities, manufacturing, 00:11:17.000 --> 00:11:20.000 SPEAKER_00: headquarters and other employment 00:11:20.000 --> 00:11:21.000 SPEAKER_00: in California. 00:11:21.000 --> 00:11:23.000 SPEAKER_00: Some of those may also be here 00:11:23.000 --> 00:11:24.000 SPEAKER_00: in Sacramento. 00:11:24.000 --> 00:11:26.000 Unknown: I was going to say, too, one of 00:11:26.000 --> 00:11:28.000 SPEAKER_06: the benefits is that I didn't 00:11:28.000 --> 00:11:32.000 SPEAKER_06: see on there was reusing more 00:11:32.000 --> 00:11:34.000 Unknown: efficient use of the critical 00:11:34.000 --> 00:11:36.000 SPEAKER_06: minerals that we have available 00:11:36.000 --> 00:11:37.000 SPEAKER_06: to us. 00:11:37.000 --> 00:11:39.000 SPEAKER_06: If everybody has this giant 00:11:39.000 --> 00:11:41.000 SPEAKER_06: battery sitting in their garage, 00:11:41.000 --> 00:11:43.000 SPEAKER_06: in their car, that we cannot 00:11:43.000 --> 00:11:45.000 SPEAKER_06: access when we need it, I mean, 00:11:45.000 --> 00:11:46.000 Unknown: that means there has to be more 00:11:46.000 --> 00:11:47.000 SPEAKER_06: batteries elsewhere. 00:11:47.000 --> 00:11:49.000 SPEAKER_06: And so we only have so many of 00:11:49.000 --> 00:11:51.000 SPEAKER_06: these minerals to go around, 00:11:51.000 --> 00:11:53.000 SPEAKER_06: which is why I've been really 00:11:53.000 --> 00:11:54.000 SPEAKER_06: supportive of this. 00:11:54.000 --> 00:11:56.000 SPEAKER_06: You know, obviously there's many 00:11:56.000 --> 00:11:57.000 SPEAKER_06: reasons. 00:11:57.000 --> 00:11:58.000 SPEAKER_06: But also we need to recycle more 00:11:58.000 --> 00:11:59.000 SPEAKER_06: of these as well because we've 00:11:59.000 --> 00:12:01.000 SPEAKER_06: got to find a way to keep these 00:12:01.000 --> 00:12:02.000 SPEAKER_06: minerals in the U.S. because we 00:12:02.000 --> 00:12:03.000 SPEAKER_06: don't have them all. 00:12:03.000 --> 00:12:04.000 SPEAKER_06: Yeah. 00:12:04.000 --> 00:12:06.000 SPEAKER_00: And one statistic that I think 00:12:06.000 --> 00:12:08.000 SPEAKER_00: that is relevant in that regard 00:12:08.000 --> 00:12:10.000 SPEAKER_00: of you mentioned how many folks 00:12:10.000 --> 00:12:11.000 SPEAKER_00: have their vehicles sitting 00:12:11.000 --> 00:12:12.000 SPEAKER_00: there. 00:12:12.000 --> 00:12:13.000 SPEAKER_00: I think the U.S. Department of 00:12:13.000 --> 00:12:15.000 SPEAKER_00: Transportation says 95% of the 00:12:15.000 --> 00:12:16.000 SPEAKER_00: time on average vehicles are 00:12:16.000 --> 00:12:17.000 SPEAKER_00: sitting idle. 00:12:17.000 --> 00:12:18.000 SPEAKER_00: So there is tremendous 00:12:18.000 --> 00:12:20.000 SPEAKER_00: opportunity to tap into that and 00:12:20.000 --> 00:12:22.000 SPEAKER_00: offset some of the deployment of 00:12:22.000 --> 00:12:24.000 SPEAKER_00: other energy storage solutions. 00:12:24.000 --> 00:12:26.000 SPEAKER_00: I did want to note this is often 00:12:26.000 --> 00:12:28.000 SPEAKER_00: the first question we get in our 00:12:28.000 --> 00:12:30.000 SPEAKER_00: frequently asked questions is 00:12:30.000 --> 00:12:31.000 SPEAKER_00: what vehicles can do this, what 00:12:31.000 --> 00:12:32.000 SPEAKER_00: chargers can do this? 00:12:32.000 --> 00:12:35.000 SPEAKER_00: Presently, there's a list right 00:12:35.000 --> 00:12:38.000 SPEAKER_00: here of offerings, sort of 00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:39.000 SPEAKER_00: solutions that are marketed 00:12:39.000 --> 00:12:41.000 SPEAKER_00: actively to customers for home 00:12:41.000 --> 00:12:42.000 SPEAKER_00: backup power. 00:12:42.000 --> 00:12:44.000 SPEAKER_00: So Nissan Volvo, Polestar Ford, 00:12:44.000 --> 00:12:47.000 SPEAKER_00: General Motors, Kia, Tesla all 00:12:47.000 --> 00:12:49.000 SPEAKER_00: currently offer these models of 00:12:49.000 --> 00:12:52.000 SPEAKER_00: vehicle and advertise that that 00:12:52.000 --> 00:12:53.000 SPEAKER_00: bidirectional charging capability 00:12:53.000 --> 00:12:54.000 SPEAKER_00: is available. 00:12:54.000 --> 00:12:56.000 SPEAKER_00: Not for all model years. 00:12:56.000 --> 00:12:58.000 SPEAKER_00: For example, that Chevy Bolt is 00:12:58.000 --> 00:13:00.000 Unknown: the new Chevy Bolt that just came 00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:01.000 SPEAKER_00: out. 00:13:01.000 --> 00:13:03.000 SPEAKER_00: And on the compatible charger 00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:06.000 SPEAKER_00: side, you'll note that there's a 00:13:06.000 --> 00:13:08.000 SPEAKER_00: little bit of matching happening 00:13:08.000 --> 00:13:09.000 SPEAKER_00: here. 00:13:09.000 --> 00:13:10.000 SPEAKER_00: Not every vehicle works with 00:13:10.000 --> 00:13:11.000 SPEAKER_00: every charger. 00:13:11.000 --> 00:13:13.000 SPEAKER_00: But there is certainly a few 00:13:13.000 --> 00:13:16.000 SPEAKER_00: interesting developments that have 00:13:16.000 --> 00:13:17.000 SPEAKER_00: happened. 00:13:17.000 --> 00:13:19.000 SPEAKER_00: One is that this slide was much, 00:13:19.000 --> 00:13:21.000 SPEAKER_00: much smaller a year ago. 00:13:21.000 --> 00:13:23.000 SPEAKER_00: A lot of this is very new, which 00:13:23.000 --> 00:13:24.000 SPEAKER_00: is very exciting from our point 00:13:24.000 --> 00:13:25.000 SPEAKER_00: of view. 00:13:25.000 --> 00:13:27.000 SPEAKER_00: The second is that some of these 00:13:27.000 --> 00:13:28.000 SPEAKER_00: vehicles, especially the more 00:13:28.000 --> 00:13:30.000 SPEAKER_00: recent ones that have been added 00:13:30.000 --> 00:13:31.000 SPEAKER_00: to this list are lower cost 00:13:31.000 --> 00:13:32.000 SPEAKER_00: vehicles. 00:13:32.000 --> 00:13:35.000 SPEAKER_00: The Bolt, the Equinox, even the 00:13:35.000 --> 00:13:37.000 SPEAKER_00: Kia EV9 and of course the Nissan 00:13:37.000 --> 00:13:40.000 SPEAKER_00: Leaf all relatively low cost 00:13:40.000 --> 00:13:43.000 SPEAKER_00: compared to some of the ones that 00:13:43.000 --> 00:13:44.000 SPEAKER_00: used to just be on this list 00:13:44.000 --> 00:13:45.000 SPEAKER_00: alone. 00:13:45.000 --> 00:13:48.000 SPEAKER_00: On the charging equipment as well, 00:13:48.000 --> 00:13:49.000 SPEAKER_00: the costs are starting to come 00:13:49.000 --> 00:13:51.000 SPEAKER_00: down, but they still can be quite 00:13:51.000 --> 00:13:52.000 SPEAKER_00: high. 00:13:52.000 --> 00:13:53.000 SPEAKER_00: We're seeing by and large the 00:13:53.000 --> 00:13:56.000 SPEAKER_00: first generation of the charging 00:13:56.000 --> 00:13:57.000 SPEAKER_00: equipment and the related 00:13:57.000 --> 00:13:59.000 SPEAKER_00: hardware that's needed to enable 00:13:59.000 --> 00:14:01.000 SPEAKER_00: this in the home. 00:14:01.000 --> 00:14:02.000 SPEAKER_00: And with that, there's higher 00:14:02.000 --> 00:14:04.000 SPEAKER_00: costs than we expect there to be 00:14:04.000 --> 00:14:05.000 SPEAKER_00: over time. 00:14:05.000 --> 00:14:06.000 SPEAKER_00: And so some of the more recent 00:14:06.000 --> 00:14:09.000 SPEAKER_00: equipment has pretty dramatically 00:14:09.000 --> 00:14:10.000 SPEAKER_00: reduced costs, but we're still 00:14:10.000 --> 00:14:12.000 SPEAKER_00: getting there across this whole 00:14:12.000 --> 00:14:13.000 SPEAKER_00: slide, this whole chart. 00:14:13.000 --> 00:14:14.000 SPEAKER_00: And we're expecting it to grow 00:14:14.000 --> 00:14:15.000 SPEAKER_00: quite a bit. 00:14:15.000 --> 00:14:16.000 SPEAKER_00: On the bottom there you'll see 00:14:16.000 --> 00:14:17.000 SPEAKER_00: Toyota, Hyundai, Rivian, 00:14:17.000 --> 00:14:18.000 SPEAKER_00: Volkswagen. 00:14:18.000 --> 00:14:20.000 SPEAKER_00: Last week I was at the New York 00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:22.000 SPEAKER_00: Auto Show and Kia announced their 00:14:22.000 --> 00:14:24.000 SPEAKER_00: new EV3, very low cost vehicle 00:14:24.000 --> 00:14:26.000 SPEAKER_00: that will also be launching with 00:14:26.000 --> 00:14:27.000 SPEAKER_00: this home backup power 00:14:27.000 --> 00:14:29.000 SPEAKER_00: capability. 00:14:29.000 --> 00:14:32.000 SPEAKER_00: So we're seeing it accelerate, 00:14:32.000 --> 00:14:34.000 Unknown: mature pretty rapidly. 00:14:34.000 --> 00:14:35.000 SPEAKER_00: So this has all happened 00:14:35.000 --> 00:14:39.000 SPEAKER_00: relatively quick. 00:14:39.000 --> 00:14:40.000 Unknown: On the electric school bus side 00:14:40.000 --> 00:14:43.000 SPEAKER_00: of things, it's a bit more of a 00:14:43.000 --> 00:14:44.000 SPEAKER_00: beachhead. 00:14:44.000 --> 00:14:46.000 SPEAKER_00: My text in carry here, sorry, 00:14:46.000 --> 00:14:47.000 SPEAKER_00: there's text. 00:14:47.000 --> 00:14:48.000 SPEAKER_00: If you could see the blue on 00:14:48.000 --> 00:14:49.000 SPEAKER_00: blue, which you can't. 00:14:49.000 --> 00:14:52.000 SPEAKER_00: And in small text, I apologize. 00:14:52.000 --> 00:14:54.000 SPEAKER_00: But the key takeaway here is 00:14:54.000 --> 00:14:55.000 SPEAKER_00: that electric school buses 00:14:55.000 --> 00:14:57.000 SPEAKER_00: generally have a duty cycle 00:14:57.000 --> 00:14:59.000 SPEAKER_00: that aligns with the needs of 00:14:59.000 --> 00:15:01.000 SPEAKER_00: the grid, meaning they're often 00:15:01.000 --> 00:15:03.000 SPEAKER_00: sitting idle in particular during 00:15:03.000 --> 00:15:05.000 SPEAKER_00: that summer evening peak period 00:15:05.000 --> 00:15:07.000 SPEAKER_00: when we can use spare capacity. 00:15:07.000 --> 00:15:09.000 SPEAKER_00: And there's a tremendous 00:15:09.000 --> 00:15:11.000 SPEAKER_00: opportunity with 400,000 electric 00:15:11.000 --> 00:15:12.000 SPEAKER_00: school buses around the country, 00:15:12.000 --> 00:15:13.000 SPEAKER_00: you know, some of those, of 00:15:13.000 --> 00:15:15.000 Unknown: course, here in California. 00:15:15.000 --> 00:15:16.000 SPEAKER_00: Sorry, 400,000 school buses 00:15:16.000 --> 00:15:17.000 SPEAKER_00: across the country. 00:15:17.000 --> 00:15:18.000 SPEAKER_00: Many of those transitioning to 00:15:18.000 --> 00:15:20.000 SPEAKER_00: electric, many of those here in 00:15:20.000 --> 00:15:22.000 SPEAKER_00: California and Sacramento. 00:15:22.000 --> 00:15:23.000 SPEAKER_00: There's a great chance to tap 00:15:23.000 --> 00:15:24.000 SPEAKER_00: into those and support the grid 00:15:24.000 --> 00:15:26.000 SPEAKER_00: and so it's been this beachhead 00:15:26.000 --> 00:15:28.000 SPEAKER_00: for a while now in California 00:15:28.000 --> 00:15:30.000 SPEAKER_00: with sites being developed, a 00:15:30.000 --> 00:15:32.000 SPEAKER_00: lot of them supported by funding 00:15:32.000 --> 00:15:34.000 SPEAKER_00: from the California energy 00:15:34.000 --> 00:15:36.000 SPEAKER_00: commission and some of the 00:15:36.000 --> 00:15:38.000 SPEAKER_00: smaller investor-owned utility 00:15:38.000 --> 00:15:40.000 SPEAKER_00: funded pilots as well. 00:15:40.000 --> 00:15:42.000 SPEAKER_00: But I do want to note that you'll 00:15:42.000 --> 00:15:44.000 SPEAKER_00: notice there's less one-to-one 00:15:44.000 --> 00:15:45.000 SPEAKER_00: matching here. 00:15:45.000 --> 00:15:47.000 SPEAKER_00: In fact, there's no one-to-one 00:15:47.000 --> 00:15:48.000 SPEAKER_00: matching. 00:15:48.000 --> 00:15:50.000 SPEAKER_00: Generally speaking, these 00:15:50.000 --> 00:15:52.000 SPEAKER_00: vehicles and chargers are a 00:15:52.000 --> 00:15:53.000 SPEAKER_00: little bit different. 00:15:53.000 --> 00:15:55.000 SPEAKER_00: They're a little bit more plug 00:15:55.000 --> 00:15:57.000 SPEAKER_00: and play or interoperable, to 00:15:57.000 --> 00:15:59.000 SPEAKER_00: use the technical term, than on 00:15:59.000 --> 00:16:00.000 SPEAKER_00: the light duty side. 00:16:00.000 --> 00:16:02.000 SPEAKER_00: It doesn't mean we're 100% 00:16:02.000 --> 00:16:04.000 SPEAKER_00: there yet on the medium and 00:16:04.000 --> 00:16:05.000 SPEAKER_00: heavy duty side either. 00:16:05.000 --> 00:16:06.000 SPEAKER_00: We're just a little further 00:16:06.000 --> 00:16:07.000 SPEAKER_00: along. 00:16:07.000 --> 00:16:08.000 SPEAKER_00: So there's still some 00:16:08.000 --> 00:16:10.000 SPEAKER_00: customization that needs to 00:16:10.000 --> 00:16:11.000 SPEAKER_00: happen oftentimes in the field 00:16:11.000 --> 00:16:13.000 SPEAKER_00: when you deploy these sites to 00:16:13.000 --> 00:16:15.000 SPEAKER_00: get chargers and vehicles to 00:16:15.000 --> 00:16:16.000 SPEAKER_00: talk to one another, have that 00:16:16.000 --> 00:16:18.000 SPEAKER_00: handshake be successful every 00:16:18.000 --> 00:16:19.000 SPEAKER_00: time. 00:16:19.000 --> 00:16:20.000 SPEAKER_00: And so we're still in that 00:16:20.000 --> 00:16:21.000 SPEAKER_00: first generation. 00:16:21.000 --> 00:16:22.000 SPEAKER_00: We're still getting products to 00:16:22.000 --> 00:16:24.000 SPEAKER_00: work in the field every time. 00:16:24.000 --> 00:16:26.000 SPEAKER_00: And part of that is also 00:16:26.000 --> 00:16:28.000 SPEAKER_00: maturing the ecosystem so you 00:16:28.000 --> 00:16:29.000 SPEAKER_00: don't need that one-to-one 00:16:29.000 --> 00:16:30.000 SPEAKER_00: matching. 00:16:30.000 --> 00:16:31.000 SPEAKER_00: But you can truly have that 00:16:31.000 --> 00:16:33.000 SPEAKER_00: plug and play and with it comes 00:16:33.000 --> 00:16:35.000 SPEAKER_00: not just lowered risk of 00:16:35.000 --> 00:16:37.000 SPEAKER_00: stranded assets, as companies 00:16:37.000 --> 00:16:38.000 SPEAKER_00: may go out of business, but 00:16:38.000 --> 00:16:40.000 SPEAKER_00: also more customer choice or in 00:16:40.000 --> 00:16:41.000 SPEAKER_00: this case choice for fleets. 00:16:41.000 --> 00:16:43.000 SPEAKER_00: But the costs are still high on 00:16:43.000 --> 00:16:44.000 SPEAKER_00: this side as well. 00:16:44.000 --> 00:16:46.000 SPEAKER_00: And we are expecting them to 00:16:46.000 --> 00:16:48.000 SPEAKER_00: come down further as we reach 00:16:48.000 --> 00:16:49.000 SPEAKER_00: more scale and more of these 00:16:49.000 --> 00:16:50.000 SPEAKER_00: sites are deployed. 00:16:51.000 --> 00:16:52.000 SPEAKER_00: I want to note that in addition 00:16:52.000 --> 00:16:54.000 SPEAKER_00: to electric school buses, we're 00:16:54.000 --> 00:16:55.000 SPEAKER_00: starting to hear about some more 00:16:55.000 --> 00:16:57.000 SPEAKER_00: sites and more use cases that 00:16:57.000 --> 00:16:58.000 SPEAKER_00: might be interesting. 00:16:58.000 --> 00:17:00.000 SPEAKER_00: Next steps, refuse trucks, 00:17:00.000 --> 00:17:01.000 SPEAKER_00: street sweepers, other sort of 00:17:01.000 --> 00:17:04.000 SPEAKER_00: specialty use, very highly 00:17:04.000 --> 00:17:06.000 SPEAKER_00: predictable duty cycle that may 00:17:06.000 --> 00:17:08.000 SPEAKER_00: line up well having the dwell 00:17:08.000 --> 00:17:10.000 SPEAKER_00: time during that evening peak. 00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:12.000 Unknown: So the very exciting topic we 00:17:12.000 --> 00:17:13.000 SPEAKER_00: get... 00:17:13.000 --> 00:17:15.000 SPEAKER_00: My day job is with Sacramento 00:17:15.000 --> 00:17:16.000 SPEAKER_04: Regional Transit and I'm 00:17:16.000 --> 00:17:18.000 SPEAKER_04: assuming transit buses are not 00:17:18.000 --> 00:17:19.000 SPEAKER_04: typically included in this 00:17:19.000 --> 00:17:21.000 SPEAKER_04: because they're busy most of the 00:17:21.000 --> 00:17:22.000 SPEAKER_04: time. 00:17:22.000 --> 00:17:23.000 Unknown: Generally speaking, yes. 00:17:23.000 --> 00:17:26.000 SPEAKER_04: Are they even manufacturing 00:17:26.000 --> 00:17:29.000 SPEAKER_04: electric transit buses with 00:17:29.000 --> 00:17:31.000 SPEAKER_04: vehicle to grid capability or is 00:17:31.000 --> 00:17:32.000 SPEAKER_04: it just they're just not doing 00:17:32.000 --> 00:17:33.000 SPEAKER_04: it? 00:17:33.000 --> 00:17:34.000 SPEAKER_04: It's a good question. 00:17:34.000 --> 00:17:35.000 SPEAKER_04: I don't know. 00:17:35.000 --> 00:17:36.000 SPEAKER_00: It might be worth asking where 00:17:36.000 --> 00:17:37.000 SPEAKER_00: your procurement is. 00:17:37.000 --> 00:17:38.000 SPEAKER_00: Okay, thank you. 00:17:38.000 --> 00:17:40.000 SPEAKER_00: But one thing that we've 00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:42.000 SPEAKER_00: learned in California, there was 00:17:42.000 --> 00:17:43.000 SPEAKER_00: a joint agency working group back 00:17:43.000 --> 00:17:44.000 SPEAKER_00: in 2019. 00:17:44.000 --> 00:17:45.000 SPEAKER_00: We were part of California 00:17:45.000 --> 00:17:46.000 SPEAKER_00: Energy Commission, the 00:17:46.000 --> 00:17:47.000 SPEAKER_00: utilities commission, CAISO, 00:17:47.000 --> 00:17:49.000 SPEAKER_00: about 100 different participants 00:17:49.000 --> 00:17:51.000 SPEAKER_00: representing a whole swath of 00:17:51.000 --> 00:17:52.000 SPEAKER_00: stakeholders. 00:17:52.000 --> 00:17:54.000 SPEAKER_00: We mapped out 2500 use cases 00:17:54.000 --> 00:17:55.000 SPEAKER_00: for VGI, right? 00:17:55.000 --> 00:17:56.000 SPEAKER_00: All the ways customers will 00:17:56.000 --> 00:17:57.000 SPEAKER_00: interact with their vehicles and 00:17:57.000 --> 00:17:58.000 SPEAKER_00: their vehicles can interact with 00:17:58.000 --> 00:17:59.000 SPEAKER_00: the grid. 00:17:59.000 --> 00:18:01.000 SPEAKER_00: And what we found is that that's 00:18:01.000 --> 00:18:04.000 Unknown: a great academic effort, but boy 00:18:04.000 --> 00:18:05.000 SPEAKER_00: is it take a lot of time and 00:18:05.000 --> 00:18:07.000 SPEAKER_00: you're not sure where you get at 00:18:07.000 --> 00:18:08.000 SPEAKER_00: the end. 00:18:08.000 --> 00:18:10.000 SPEAKER_00: What is maybe a potential 00:18:10.000 --> 00:18:13.000 SPEAKER_00: opportunity is to move toward 00:18:13.000 --> 00:18:15.000 SPEAKER_00: rates or programs or pathways 00:18:15.000 --> 00:18:17.000 SPEAKER_00: that are more agnostic toward 00:18:17.000 --> 00:18:19.000 SPEAKER_00: use case and see sort of who 00:18:19.000 --> 00:18:20.000 SPEAKER_00: gravitates toward them because 00:18:20.000 --> 00:18:21.000 SPEAKER_00: the way people interact with 00:18:21.000 --> 00:18:23.000 SPEAKER_00: their vehicles and the way 00:18:23.000 --> 00:18:24.000 SPEAKER_00: they're interact with the grid 00:18:24.000 --> 00:18:25.000 SPEAKER_00: with their vehicles can vary 00:18:25.000 --> 00:18:26.000 SPEAKER_00: tremendously. 00:18:26.000 --> 00:18:29.000 SPEAKER_00: So I hesitate to say that, you 00:18:29.000 --> 00:18:30.000 SPEAKER_00: know, one use case is 00:18:30.000 --> 00:18:32.000 SPEAKER_00: particularly great or not great 00:18:32.000 --> 00:18:33.000 SPEAKER_00: with the exception of school 00:18:33.000 --> 00:18:34.000 SPEAKER_00: buses, which again have been the 00:18:34.000 --> 00:18:36.000 SPEAKER_00: beachhead for the past several 00:18:36.000 --> 00:18:37.000 SPEAKER_00: years. 00:18:37.000 --> 00:18:39.000 Unknown: And, okay, I'm sorry to make 00:18:39.000 --> 00:18:42.000 SPEAKER_04: this all about me, but I also 00:18:42.000 --> 00:18:43.000 SPEAKER_04: drive a Hyundai Nexo. 00:18:44.000 --> 00:18:46.000 SPEAKER_04: Are there any fuel cell electric 00:18:46.000 --> 00:18:47.000 SPEAKER_04: vehicles that are doing vehicle 00:18:47.000 --> 00:18:48.000 SPEAKER_04: to grid? 00:18:48.000 --> 00:18:50.000 SPEAKER_04: Not that I'm aware of, but fuel 00:18:50.000 --> 00:18:53.000 SPEAKER_00: cell electric vehicles do use the 00:18:53.000 --> 00:18:54.000 SPEAKER_00: hydrogen to power a small 00:18:54.000 --> 00:18:55.000 SPEAKER_00: battery. 00:18:55.000 --> 00:18:56.000 SPEAKER_00: Right. 00:18:56.000 --> 00:18:57.000 SPEAKER_00: So perhaps there is an 00:18:57.000 --> 00:18:58.000 SPEAKER_00: opportunity there if the 00:18:58.000 --> 00:19:00.000 SPEAKER_00: products start to move in that 00:19:00.000 --> 00:19:01.000 SPEAKER_00: direction. 00:19:01.000 --> 00:19:02.000 Unknown: Okay. 00:19:02.000 --> 00:19:03.000 Unknown: All right. 00:19:03.000 --> 00:19:05.000 Unknown: This is the exciting topic that 00:19:05.000 --> 00:19:06.000 SPEAKER_00: we get asked about a lot. 00:19:06.000 --> 00:19:08.000 SPEAKER_00: Home backup power, it's neat. 00:19:08.000 --> 00:19:10.000 SPEAKER_00: Electric school buses, also 00:19:10.000 --> 00:19:12.000 SPEAKER_00: neat, but there's this tremendous 00:19:12.000 --> 00:19:14.000 SPEAKER_00: opportunity in light duty 00:19:14.000 --> 00:19:16.000 SPEAKER_00: passenger EVs, of which we have 00:19:16.000 --> 00:19:18.000 SPEAKER_00: I believe 2 million in California, 00:19:18.000 --> 00:19:19.000 SPEAKER_00: over 2 million. 00:19:19.000 --> 00:19:22.000 SPEAKER_00: So from 2008 to 2023, I'll call 00:19:22.000 --> 00:19:23.000 SPEAKER_00: this sort of the testing and 00:19:23.000 --> 00:19:24.000 SPEAKER_00: demo phase. 00:19:24.000 --> 00:19:26.000 SPEAKER_00: In fact, that picture on the 00:19:26.000 --> 00:19:27.000 SPEAKER_00: left is University of Delaware 00:19:27.000 --> 00:19:29.000 SPEAKER_00: where vehicle to grid was 00:19:29.000 --> 00:19:30.000 SPEAKER_00: arguably invented. 00:19:30.000 --> 00:19:34.000 SPEAKER_00: And in 2024, we just now saw our 00:19:34.000 --> 00:19:36.000 SPEAKER_00: first real customer deployments 00:19:36.000 --> 00:19:39.000 SPEAKER_00: of grid parallel bidirectional 00:19:39.000 --> 00:19:40.000 SPEAKER_00: charging. 00:19:40.000 --> 00:19:41.000 SPEAKER_00: In other words, not just for 00:19:41.000 --> 00:19:44.000 SPEAKER_00: home backup power, but for use 00:19:44.000 --> 00:19:46.000 SPEAKER_00: cases that can sort of more on a 00:19:46.000 --> 00:19:48.000 SPEAKER_00: daily basis provide power to a 00:19:48.000 --> 00:19:50.000 SPEAKER_00: home, manage a bill, or export to 00:19:50.000 --> 00:19:51.000 SPEAKER_00: the grid. 00:19:51.000 --> 00:19:53.000 SPEAKER_00: In 2025, we saw those first 00:19:53.000 --> 00:19:55.000 SPEAKER_00: exporting customers. 00:19:55.000 --> 00:19:57.000 SPEAKER_00: Three in Maryland, and we saw 00:19:57.000 --> 00:19:59.000 SPEAKER_00: Ford announced they've been doing 00:19:59.000 --> 00:20:00.000 SPEAKER_00: some testing in Vermont and 00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:01.000 SPEAKER_00: Michigan. 00:20:01.000 --> 00:20:03.000 SPEAKER_00: PG&E, Massachusetts, and the 00:20:03.000 --> 00:20:05.000 SPEAKER_00: California energy commission have 00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:07.000 SPEAKER_00: all launched, and Connecticut as 00:20:07.000 --> 00:20:08.000 SPEAKER_00: well, sorry I left them off this 00:20:08.000 --> 00:20:10.000 SPEAKER_00: slide, all launched these 00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:12.000 SPEAKER_00: what I will call deployment 00:20:12.000 --> 00:20:14.000 SPEAKER_00: pilots, moving from the 00:20:14.000 --> 00:20:16.000 SPEAKER_00: demonstration of does this work 00:20:16.000 --> 00:20:18.000 SPEAKER_00: in the field with real customers 00:20:18.000 --> 00:20:20.000 SPEAKER_00: to what happens when we launch 00:20:20.000 --> 00:20:22.000 SPEAKER_00: 100 or 1,000 of these things. 00:20:22.000 --> 00:20:24.000 SPEAKER_00: How do we stress test our 00:20:24.000 --> 00:20:26.000 SPEAKER_00: systems, do our interconnection 00:20:26.000 --> 00:20:28.000 SPEAKER_00: rules work, do our compensation 00:20:28.000 --> 00:20:29.000 SPEAKER_00: mechanisms work, what does it 00:20:29.000 --> 00:20:30.000 SPEAKER_00: mean for your rooftop solar 00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:32.000 SPEAKER_00: system to add one of these. 00:20:32.000 --> 00:20:33.000 SPEAKER_00: So there's a great deal of 00:20:33.000 --> 00:20:35.000 SPEAKER_00: learning that comes when you move 00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:37.000 SPEAKER_00: from that one off demo to what if 00:20:37.000 --> 00:20:38.000 SPEAKER_00: we do 100 of these, 1,000 of 00:20:38.000 --> 00:20:39.000 SPEAKER_00: these. 00:20:39.000 --> 00:20:41.000 SPEAKER_00: But again, I want to highlight, 00:20:41.000 --> 00:20:42.000 SPEAKER_00: this is all happening really 00:20:42.000 --> 00:20:43.000 SPEAKER_00: fast. 00:20:43.000 --> 00:20:44.000 SPEAKER_00: In fact, almost all of those 00:20:44.000 --> 00:20:45.000 SPEAKER_00: 2025 announcements were in like 00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:46.000 SPEAKER_00: November and December. 00:20:46.000 --> 00:20:48.000 SPEAKER_00: So we're just now at the front 00:20:48.000 --> 00:20:49.000 SPEAKER_00: end of this, and on the right 00:20:49.000 --> 00:20:51.000 SPEAKER_00: hand side you'll see Tesla just 00:20:51.000 --> 00:20:53.000 SPEAKER_00: launched in Texas and have said 00:20:53.000 --> 00:20:54.000 SPEAKER_00: they're coming to California next 00:20:54.000 --> 00:20:56.000 SPEAKER_00: with the three large investment 00:20:56.000 --> 00:20:57.000 SPEAKER_00: utilities to participate in their 00:20:57.000 --> 00:20:59.000 SPEAKER_00: emergency load reduction program. 00:20:59.000 --> 00:21:01.000 SPEAKER_00: We've got some other stuff 00:21:01.000 --> 00:21:02.000 SPEAKER_00: happening now in Washington. 00:21:02.000 --> 00:21:04.000 SPEAKER_00: PG&E is very quickly went from 00:21:04.000 --> 00:21:06.000 Unknown: 2 to 30 customers in their 00:21:06.000 --> 00:21:07.000 SPEAKER_00: bidirectional charging pilot. 00:21:07.000 --> 00:21:08.000 SPEAKER_00: So it's exciting, it's 00:21:08.000 --> 00:21:10.000 SPEAKER_00: accelerating, but again, these 00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:12.000 SPEAKER_00: are kind of one-to-one matching 00:21:12.000 --> 00:21:14.000 SPEAKER_00: of vehicles and chargers, and we 00:21:14.000 --> 00:21:16.000 SPEAKER_00: still have a lot to learn as we 00:21:16.000 --> 00:21:18.000 SPEAKER_00: deploy at a larger and larger 00:21:18.000 --> 00:21:19.000 SPEAKER_00: scale. 00:21:19.000 --> 00:21:21.000 SPEAKER_00: So the million, billion, or 00:21:21.000 --> 00:21:23.000 SPEAKER_00: trillion dollar question, right, 00:21:23.000 --> 00:21:24.000 SPEAKER_00: what's it worth? 00:21:24.000 --> 00:21:26.000 SPEAKER_00: The technical potential is 00:21:26.000 --> 00:21:27.000 SPEAKER_00: immense. 00:21:27.000 --> 00:21:29.000 SPEAKER_00: So the California Energy 00:21:29.000 --> 00:21:30.000 SPEAKER_00: Commission has published 00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:31.000 SPEAKER_00: analysis. 00:21:31.000 --> 00:21:33.000 SPEAKER_00: They conducted with the national 00:21:33.000 --> 00:21:35.000 SPEAKER_00: lab of the Rockies, formerly 00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:38.000 SPEAKER_00: NREL, showing that today we 00:21:38.000 --> 00:21:40.000 Unknown: have 18 and a half gigawatts of 00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:42.000 SPEAKER_00: energy storage capacity in our 00:21:42.000 --> 00:21:44.000 SPEAKER_00: electric vehicles in California. 00:21:44.000 --> 00:21:47.000 SPEAKER_00: That exceeds all of our 00:21:47.000 --> 00:21:49.000 SPEAKER_00: stationary energy storage in the 00:21:49.000 --> 00:21:50.000 SPEAKER_00: state combined. 00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:51.000 SPEAKER_00: So it's an immense technical 00:21:51.000 --> 00:21:52.000 SPEAKER_00: potential. 00:21:52.000 --> 00:21:55.000 SPEAKER_00: What we don't know, however, is 00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:56.000 SPEAKER_00: how many folks are going to 00:21:56.000 --> 00:21:58.000 SPEAKER_00: install the relevant equipment 00:21:58.000 --> 00:21:59.000 SPEAKER_00: and how many folks are going to 00:21:59.000 --> 00:22:01.000 SPEAKER_00: be plugged in at the right time 00:22:01.000 --> 00:22:02.000 SPEAKER_00: with the right state of charge 00:22:02.000 --> 00:22:04.000 SPEAKER_00: with the preference and behavior 00:22:04.000 --> 00:22:06.000 SPEAKER_00: that matches the needs of the 00:22:06.000 --> 00:22:07.000 SPEAKER_00: grid. 00:22:07.000 --> 00:22:08.000 SPEAKER_00: That is the X factor. 00:22:08.000 --> 00:22:10.000 SPEAKER_00: That is the big unknown here. 00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:13.000 SPEAKER_00: Again, the deployment pilots 00:22:13.000 --> 00:22:15.000 SPEAKER_00: scaling from one to 10 to 20 to 00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:17.000 SPEAKER_00: 100 to 1,000 customers will start 00:22:17.000 --> 00:22:19.000 SPEAKER_00: to reveal some of this. 00:22:19.000 --> 00:22:20.000 SPEAKER_00: So we're still learning. 00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:22.000 SPEAKER_00: We're tuning in very closely as 00:22:22.000 --> 00:22:23.000 SPEAKER_00: the trade group to see how these 00:22:23.000 --> 00:22:25.000 SPEAKER_00: pan out, and it will help to 00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:27.000 SPEAKER_00: evaluate that behavior. 00:22:27.000 --> 00:22:28.000 Unknown: Yes. 00:22:28.000 --> 00:22:31.000 Unknown: I just had a quick question. 00:22:31.000 --> 00:22:33.000 Unknown: You know, all these pilots that 00:22:33.000 --> 00:22:35.000 SPEAKER_08: everybody is doing, is there a 00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:38.000 SPEAKER_08: general amount of money that this 00:22:38.000 --> 00:22:42.000 SPEAKER_08: costs, you know, me as a resident 00:22:42.000 --> 00:22:45.000 SPEAKER_08: who owns the electric vehicle? 00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:47.000 Unknown: That's a great question. 00:22:47.000 --> 00:22:49.000 SPEAKER_00: We've seen for these pilots very 00:22:49.000 --> 00:22:51.000 SPEAKER_00: heavily subsidized equipment. 00:22:51.000 --> 00:22:53.000 SPEAKER_00: So in Massachusetts, the Clean 00:22:53.000 --> 00:22:54.000 SPEAKER_00: Energy Center there, which is 00:22:54.000 --> 00:22:57.000 SPEAKER_00: their sustainability economic 00:22:57.000 --> 00:23:00.000 SPEAKER_00: development quasi-public agency, 00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:02.000 SPEAKER_00: they've provided $6 million to 00:23:02.000 --> 00:23:05.000 SPEAKER_00: fully subsidized chargers for 00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:07.000 SPEAKER_00: nonresidential and school bus 00:23:07.000 --> 00:23:08.000 SPEAKER_00: sites. 00:23:08.000 --> 00:23:10.000 SPEAKER_00: So they're saying we've got, we'll 00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:12.000 SPEAKER_00: pick up the full tab, not just the 00:23:12.000 --> 00:23:13.000 SPEAKER_00: equipment but the installation 00:23:13.000 --> 00:23:14.000 SPEAKER_00: costs. 00:23:14.000 --> 00:23:16.000 SPEAKER_00: The California energy commission, 00:23:16.000 --> 00:23:18.000 SPEAKER_00: depending on the recipient of the 00:23:18.000 --> 00:23:19.000 SPEAKER_00: grant and sort of how it flows 00:23:19.000 --> 00:23:21.000 SPEAKER_00: through on the residential side, 00:23:21.000 --> 00:23:23.000 SPEAKER_00: you can get like $10,000 or more 00:23:23.000 --> 00:23:24.000 SPEAKER_00: dollars to help offset those 00:23:24.000 --> 00:23:25.000 SPEAKER_00: costs. 00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:27.000 SPEAKER_00: So heavily subsidized in those 00:23:27.000 --> 00:23:28.000 SPEAKER_00: pilots right now. 00:23:28.000 --> 00:23:31.000 SPEAKER_00: So I can get, let's say, $10,000 00:23:32.000 --> 00:23:35.000 SPEAKER_08: is that going to cover it all? 00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:37.000 SPEAKER_08: Or is it $20,000 and I'm getting 00:23:37.000 --> 00:23:38.000 SPEAKER_08: 10? 00:23:38.000 --> 00:23:41.000 SPEAKER_08: Yeah, so the, of that chart I 00:23:41.000 --> 00:23:43.000 Unknown: showed earlier, some of those 00:23:43.000 --> 00:23:45.000 SPEAKER_00: systems cost $10,000 MSRP, then 00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:47.000 SPEAKER_00: you also have the installation. 00:23:47.000 --> 00:23:49.000 SPEAKER_00: Some of them are much lower, but 00:23:49.000 --> 00:23:51.000 SPEAKER_00: not eligible then for those 00:23:51.000 --> 00:23:52.000 SPEAKER_00: larger rebates. 00:23:52.000 --> 00:23:54.000 SPEAKER_00: So some of the newer systems are 00:23:54.000 --> 00:23:57.000 SPEAKER_00: lower now, like $1,500 to $2,500, 00:23:57.000 --> 00:23:58.000 SPEAKER_00: which is almost achieving that 00:23:58.000 --> 00:23:59.000 SPEAKER_00: parity. 00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:02.000 SPEAKER_00: With a unidirectional charging 00:24:02.000 --> 00:24:03.000 SPEAKER_00: system. 00:24:03.000 --> 00:24:05.000 SPEAKER_00: So we're getting lower on costs 00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:07.000 SPEAKER_00: from the product side and those 00:24:07.000 --> 00:24:08.000 SPEAKER_00: rebates are helping to fill in 00:24:08.000 --> 00:24:09.000 SPEAKER_00: the gap for now as well, just so 00:24:09.000 --> 00:24:11.000 SPEAKER_00: we can learn from those pilots. 00:24:11.000 --> 00:24:12.000 SPEAKER_00: Yes. 00:24:12.000 --> 00:24:15.000 Unknown: So again, the X factor is what 00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:17.000 Unknown: will the participation rates 00:24:17.000 --> 00:24:18.000 SPEAKER_00: look like. 00:24:18.000 --> 00:24:20.000 SPEAKER_00: I know it's very small text, but 00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:21.000 SPEAKER_00: I'm really meant to just provide 00:24:21.000 --> 00:24:23.000 SPEAKER_00: this as an overview that you can 00:24:23.000 --> 00:24:24.000 SPEAKER_00: make assumptions and try to come 00:24:24.000 --> 00:24:26.000 SPEAKER_00: up with, okay, what if enrollment 00:24:26.000 --> 00:24:28.000 SPEAKER_00: looks like, what it looks like 00:24:28.000 --> 00:24:31.000 SPEAKER_00: for smart thermostats, right? 00:24:31.000 --> 00:24:33.000 SPEAKER_00: This isn't a very inconvenient 00:24:33.000 --> 00:24:34.000 SPEAKER_00: thing. 00:24:34.000 --> 00:24:35.000 SPEAKER_00: Yes, there's upfront costs and 00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:36.000 SPEAKER_00: decisions to be made, but it's 00:24:36.000 --> 00:24:37.000 SPEAKER_00: largely behind the scenes. 00:24:37.000 --> 00:24:38.000 SPEAKER_00: Your vehicle sits there for 10 00:24:38.000 --> 00:24:39.000 SPEAKER_00: hours. 00:24:39.000 --> 00:24:40.000 SPEAKER_00: You only need two hours of 00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:41.000 SPEAKER_00: charge. 00:24:41.000 --> 00:24:42.000 SPEAKER_00: There's a lot of wiggle room 00:24:42.000 --> 00:24:44.000 SPEAKER_00: there to play with the customer 00:24:44.000 --> 00:24:45.000 SPEAKER_00: experience and not bother them. 00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:47.000 SPEAKER_00: And so there's an argument to be 00:24:47.000 --> 00:24:48.000 SPEAKER_00: made. 00:24:48.000 --> 00:24:49.000 SPEAKER_00: Maybe the smart thermostat 00:24:49.000 --> 00:24:51.000 SPEAKER_00: enrollment is kind of the floor 00:24:51.000 --> 00:24:53.000 SPEAKER_00: for what the uptake or enrollment 00:24:53.000 --> 00:24:54.000 SPEAKER_00: might look like. 00:24:54.000 --> 00:24:55.000 SPEAKER_00: Maybe not. 00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:56.000 SPEAKER_00: So there's a whole list of 00:24:56.000 --> 00:24:57.000 SPEAKER_00: studies here. 00:24:57.000 --> 00:24:58.000 SPEAKER_00: These are California specific. 00:24:58.000 --> 00:25:01.000 SPEAKER_00: We've also got stuff from MIT and 00:25:01.000 --> 00:25:03.000 SPEAKER_00: in New York and other markets. 00:25:03.000 --> 00:25:05.000 SPEAKER_00: This is a mix of national lab, 00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:08.000 SPEAKER_00: E3, Brattle, Stanford, Berkeley, 00:25:08.000 --> 00:25:11.000 SPEAKER_00: environmental groups, even PG&E 00:25:11.000 --> 00:25:12.000 SPEAKER_00: themselves in one case. 00:25:12.000 --> 00:25:14.000 SPEAKER_00: The general theme is that, again, 00:25:14.000 --> 00:25:15.000 SPEAKER_00: there's a lot of potential. 00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:17.000 SPEAKER_00: It varies depending on where you 00:25:17.000 --> 00:25:19.000 SPEAKER_00: are, but through those pilots 00:25:19.000 --> 00:25:21.000 SPEAKER_00: we'll learn more and pin down 00:25:21.000 --> 00:25:24.000 SPEAKER_00: what that sort of real capacity 00:25:24.000 --> 00:25:25.000 SPEAKER_00: value is, right? 00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:26.000 SPEAKER_00: What is it worth? 00:25:26.000 --> 00:25:28.000 SPEAKER_00: How reliable is it to show up 00:25:28.000 --> 00:25:29.000 SPEAKER_00: when dispatched? 00:25:29.000 --> 00:25:31.000 SPEAKER_00: So how do we scale? 00:25:31.000 --> 00:25:33.000 SPEAKER_00: We break our work down into four 00:25:33.000 --> 00:25:34.000 SPEAKER_00: policy work streams, 00:25:34.000 --> 00:25:35.000 SPEAKER_00: enterization interconnection, 00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:36.000 SPEAKER_00: which answers the question, 00:25:36.000 --> 00:25:37.000 SPEAKER_00: can I connect to the grid? 00:25:37.000 --> 00:25:39.000 SPEAKER_00: Compensation, which answers the 00:25:39.000 --> 00:25:40.000 SPEAKER_00: question, what will I save or 00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:41.000 SPEAKER_00: earn? 00:25:41.000 --> 00:25:42.000 SPEAKER_00: Upfront cost, which answers the 00:25:42.000 --> 00:25:43.000 SPEAKER_00: question, will I have some help 00:25:43.000 --> 00:25:44.000 SPEAKER_00: to pay for the system? 00:25:44.000 --> 00:25:45.000 SPEAKER_00: And then technical standards, 00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:46.000 SPEAKER_00: which is will it all fit 00:25:46.000 --> 00:25:48.000 SPEAKER_00: together or do I need to buy a 00:25:48.000 --> 00:25:51.000 SPEAKER_00: specific type of system? 00:25:51.000 --> 00:25:53.000 Unknown: Just some case studies real 00:25:53.000 --> 00:25:54.000 SPEAKER_00: quick. 00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:57.000 SPEAKER_00: Some areas are clarifying that 00:25:57.000 --> 00:26:00.000 SPEAKER_00: these systems do in fact fit 00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:02.000 SPEAKER_00: within existing interconnection 00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:04.000 SPEAKER_00: rules for energy storage systems, 00:26:04.000 --> 00:26:06.000 SPEAKER_00: so not needing to reinvent the 00:26:06.000 --> 00:26:07.000 SPEAKER_00: wheel, but just providing those 00:26:07.000 --> 00:26:08.000 SPEAKER_00: clarifications or minor 00:26:08.000 --> 00:26:10.000 SPEAKER_00: enhancements, and we're seeing 00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:11.000 Unknown: more in new states. 00:26:11.000 --> 00:26:12.000 SPEAKER_00: Connecticut should be on this 00:26:12.000 --> 00:26:13.000 SPEAKER_00: list as well. 00:26:13.000 --> 00:26:15.000 SPEAKER_00: On the compensation side, oh, 00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:16.000 SPEAKER_00: these colors got really weird. 00:26:16.000 --> 00:26:18.000 SPEAKER_00: On the compensation side, there's 00:26:18.000 --> 00:26:21.000 SPEAKER_00: also a wide range of opportunities 00:26:21.000 --> 00:26:22.000 SPEAKER_00: and how they're run and how 00:26:22.000 --> 00:26:23.000 SPEAKER_00: they're expressed, but I think 00:26:23.000 --> 00:26:25.000 SPEAKER_00: a lot of it is falling into 00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:27.000 SPEAKER_00: these emerging technology 00:26:27.000 --> 00:26:29.000 SPEAKER_00: agnostic virtual power plant or 00:26:29.000 --> 00:26:31.000 SPEAKER_00: demand response programs where it 00:26:31.000 --> 00:26:33.000 SPEAKER_00: provides you a capacity payment. 00:26:33.000 --> 00:26:35.000 SPEAKER_00: It varies tremendously based on 00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:37.000 SPEAKER_00: where you are, but it provides 00:26:37.000 --> 00:26:38.000 SPEAKER_00: that certainty that customers 00:26:38.000 --> 00:26:41.000 SPEAKER_00: need to adopt the equipment, 00:26:41.000 --> 00:26:44.000 SPEAKER_00: having that payment framed in 00:26:44.000 --> 00:26:45.000 SPEAKER_00: terms of capacity. 00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:47.000 SPEAKER_00: Upfront cost support, I've 00:26:47.000 --> 00:26:50.000 SPEAKER_00: referenced earlier some existing 00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.000 SPEAKER_00: and pending rebates in some 00:26:54.000 --> 00:26:55.000 SPEAKER_00: cases. 00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:57.000 SPEAKER_00: The CEC one in the bottom there 00:26:57.000 --> 00:26:59.000 SPEAKER_00: is actually up to $13,800, so 00:26:59.000 --> 00:27:01.000 SPEAKER_00: quite a bit, but smaller 00:27:01.000 --> 00:27:03.000 SPEAKER_00: chargers in some or smaller 00:27:03.000 --> 00:27:04.000 SPEAKER_00: dollars per charger in some 00:27:04.000 --> 00:27:05.000 SPEAKER_00: cases. 00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:06.000 SPEAKER_00: So there's a lot of content. 00:27:06.000 --> 00:27:08.000 SPEAKER_00: I just want folks to take this 00:27:08.000 --> 00:27:09.000 SPEAKER_00: as like a take home if they want 00:27:09.000 --> 00:27:11.000 SPEAKER_00: to check it out, and there are 00:27:11.000 --> 00:27:13.000 SPEAKER_00: just several examples where this 00:27:13.000 --> 00:27:14.000 SPEAKER_00: progress is happening. 00:27:14.000 --> 00:27:15.000 SPEAKER_00: So I think I'm a little over my 00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:16.000 SPEAKER_00: allotted time. 00:27:16.000 --> 00:27:17.000 SPEAKER_00: Just want to mention we do have 00:27:17.000 --> 00:27:19.000 SPEAKER_00: some best practices items online, 00:27:19.000 --> 00:27:20.000 SPEAKER_00: some deliverables that folks can 00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:21.000 SPEAKER_00: check out as well. 00:27:21.000 --> 00:27:23.000 SPEAKER_00: I'm also available. 00:27:23.000 --> 00:27:24.000 SPEAKER_00: There's my e-mail for folks who 00:27:24.000 --> 00:27:26.000 SPEAKER_00: want to reach out and follow up, 00:27:26.000 --> 00:27:28.000 SPEAKER_00: but I believe now happy to take 00:27:28.000 --> 00:27:29.000 SPEAKER_00: some questions and then hear from 00:27:29.000 --> 00:27:31.000 SPEAKER_00: S&M as well. 00:27:31.000 --> 00:27:32.000 Unknown: Yeah. 00:27:32.000 --> 00:27:33.000 SPEAKER_06: Can you go back a couple of 00:27:33.000 --> 00:27:34.000 SPEAKER_06: slides? 00:27:34.000 --> 00:27:36.000 SPEAKER_06: You had showed some data about 00:27:36.000 --> 00:27:39.000 SPEAKER_06: who's doing all the different 00:27:39.000 --> 00:27:41.000 SPEAKER_06: pilots and the unique concern 00:27:41.000 --> 00:27:45.000 SPEAKER_06: scientists, I think, there. 00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.000 Unknown: So California, in California, 00:27:49.000 --> 00:27:51.000 SPEAKER_06: managed charging can save $4.2 00:27:51.000 --> 00:27:55.000 SPEAKER_06: billion in system costs by 2045, 00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:57.000 SPEAKER_06: and bidirectional charging 00:27:57.000 --> 00:27:58.000 SPEAKER_06: capability can unlock an 00:27:58.000 --> 00:28:02.000 SPEAKER_06: additional $3.5 billion at a 00:28:02.000 --> 00:28:05.000 Unknown: modest 12.5% participation rate. 00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:07.000 Unknown: That sounds absolutely stunning 00:28:07.000 --> 00:28:08.000 SPEAKER_06: to me in the era of 00:28:08.000 --> 00:28:09.000 SPEAKER_06: affordability and people having 00:28:09.000 --> 00:28:11.000 SPEAKER_06: a hard time paying for anything. 00:28:11.000 --> 00:28:13.000 SPEAKER_06: I just wanted to point that out 00:28:13.000 --> 00:28:14.000 SPEAKER_06: because that to me is just, it's 00:28:14.000 --> 00:28:16.000 SPEAKER_06: kind of buried in there, but 00:28:16.000 --> 00:28:18.000 SPEAKER_06: it's very powerful data. 00:28:18.000 --> 00:28:20.000 SPEAKER_06: I'm assuming you think it's 00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:21.000 Unknown: accurate. 00:28:21.000 --> 00:28:23.000 SPEAKER_06: I can't attest to the accuracy 00:28:23.000 --> 00:28:24.000 SPEAKER_00: of any of these. 00:28:24.000 --> 00:28:27.000 SPEAKER_00: I've never done my own modeling. 00:28:27.000 --> 00:28:30.000 SPEAKER_00: I can certainly catalog them and 00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:32.000 SPEAKER_00: list them here for folks if they 00:28:32.000 --> 00:28:33.000 SPEAKER_00: want to Google that title and 00:28:33.000 --> 00:28:35.000 SPEAKER_00: check them out for themselves. 00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:37.000 Unknown: For people like me, I have solar 00:28:37.000 --> 00:28:38.000 SPEAKER_06: in my house and I have an 00:28:38.000 --> 00:28:40.000 SPEAKER_06: electric car. 00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:42.000 Unknown: It doesn't make sense to me if 00:28:42.000 --> 00:28:44.000 SPEAKER_06: I have a battery, a very 00:28:44.000 --> 00:28:46.000 SPEAKER_06: expensive battery in my car, that 00:28:46.000 --> 00:28:48.000 SPEAKER_06: I would then pay another, even 00:28:48.000 --> 00:28:49.000 SPEAKER_06: with amazing smud rebates, which 00:28:49.000 --> 00:28:50.000 SPEAKER_06: we have. 00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:52.000 SPEAKER_06: It doesn't make sense to me to 00:28:52.000 --> 00:28:54.000 SPEAKER_06: have to buy a battery wall when 00:28:54.000 --> 00:28:55.000 SPEAKER_06: the battery is sitting right 00:28:55.000 --> 00:28:56.000 SPEAKER_06: there in the car. 00:28:56.000 --> 00:28:57.000 Unknown: And it's mobile. 00:28:57.000 --> 00:28:59.000 SPEAKER_06: You can move it to where you 00:28:59.000 --> 00:29:01.000 SPEAKER_06: need it, which is good and bad. 00:29:01.000 --> 00:29:02.000 SPEAKER_06: I know it cuts both ways. 00:29:02.000 --> 00:29:03.000 SPEAKER_06: But I just wanted to point that 00:29:03.000 --> 00:29:05.000 SPEAKER_06: out because I find that very 00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:06.000 SPEAKER_06: important. 00:29:06.000 --> 00:29:07.000 SPEAKER_06: Anybody else want to have a 00:29:07.000 --> 00:29:08.000 SPEAKER_06: question? 00:29:08.000 --> 00:29:09.000 SPEAKER_06: Yeah. 00:29:09.000 --> 00:29:11.000 Unknown: If you have an existing EV, if 00:29:11.000 --> 00:29:13.000 SPEAKER_04: you have an existing EV, is the 00:29:13.000 --> 00:29:15.000 SPEAKER_04: choke point then just the 00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:17.000 SPEAKER_04: charging infrastructure that you 00:29:17.000 --> 00:29:19.000 SPEAKER_04: have at your house, will existing 00:29:19.000 --> 00:29:22.000 SPEAKER_04: EVs, maybe from this year or from 00:29:22.000 --> 00:29:25.000 SPEAKER_04: five years ago, will they do this 00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:27.000 Unknown: without adverse impacts on the 00:29:27.000 --> 00:29:29.000 SPEAKER_04: battery or the car, the software, 00:29:29.000 --> 00:29:30.000 SPEAKER_04: all of that? 00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:33.000 Unknown: Is it some will, some won't? 00:29:33.000 --> 00:29:35.000 Unknown: Yes, some will, some won't. 00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:37.000 SPEAKER_00: It's not universal. 00:29:37.000 --> 00:29:40.000 SPEAKER_00: That, you know, I simplified this 00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:41.000 SPEAKER_00: slide a little, but for the Nissan 00:29:41.000 --> 00:29:43.000 SPEAKER_00: Leaf, for example, it's not every 00:29:43.000 --> 00:29:44.000 SPEAKER_00: model year, right? 00:29:44.000 --> 00:29:46.000 SPEAKER_00: It is several going back several 00:29:46.000 --> 00:29:48.000 SPEAKER_00: years, but it's not every Nissan 00:29:48.000 --> 00:29:49.000 SPEAKER_00: Leaf. 00:29:49.000 --> 00:29:50.000 SPEAKER_00: So there's some limitations. 00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:52.000 SPEAKER_00: And you did ask about impacts on, 00:29:52.000 --> 00:29:53.000 SPEAKER_00: I believe, warranty or battery. 00:29:53.000 --> 00:29:54.000 SPEAKER_00: I did want to mention that because 00:29:54.000 --> 00:29:57.000 SPEAKER_00: that's a commonly asked question. 00:29:57.000 --> 00:29:58.000 SPEAKER_00: We see that being handled in 00:29:58.000 --> 00:30:01.000 SPEAKER_00: several different ways. 00:30:01.000 --> 00:30:03.000 SPEAKER_00: But generally speaking, it's our 00:30:03.000 --> 00:30:04.000 SPEAKER_00: understanding that automakers are 00:30:04.000 --> 00:30:05.000 SPEAKER_00: very interested in doing this. 00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:08.000 SPEAKER_00: And they're just approaching it 00:30:08.000 --> 00:30:09.000 SPEAKER_00: and collecting data, doing these 00:30:09.000 --> 00:30:11.000 SPEAKER_00: limited deployments to understand 00:30:11.000 --> 00:30:13.000 SPEAKER_00: the impacts on the battery. 00:30:13.000 --> 00:30:16.000 SPEAKER_00: We've seen some examples already, 00:30:16.000 --> 00:30:17.000 SPEAKER_00: Volvo and Polestar, when they 00:30:17.000 --> 00:30:20.000 SPEAKER_00: launched just a couple months ago, 00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:22.000 SPEAKER_00: they said you get 4,000 kilowatt 00:30:22.000 --> 00:30:24.000 SPEAKER_00: hours a year on a rolling 365 day 00:30:24.000 --> 00:30:26.000 SPEAKER_00: basis, you get 4,000 kilowatt 00:30:26.000 --> 00:30:27.000 SPEAKER_00: hours to use for this 00:30:27.000 --> 00:30:29.000 SPEAKER_00: bidirectional charging stuff. 00:30:29.000 --> 00:30:30.000 SPEAKER_00: And that's covered. 00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:32.000 SPEAKER_00: If you go over that, it's not 00:30:32.000 --> 00:30:33.000 SPEAKER_00: covered. 00:30:33.000 --> 00:30:34.000 SPEAKER_00: So there are different approaches 00:30:34.000 --> 00:30:35.000 SPEAKER_00: that can be used. 00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:37.000 SPEAKER_00: There's also an approach being 00:30:37.000 --> 00:30:38.000 SPEAKER_00: considered at the United Nations 00:30:38.000 --> 00:30:40.000 SPEAKER_00: global technical regulation level, 00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:42.000 SPEAKER_00: or GTR, that's called the virtual 00:30:42.000 --> 00:30:44.000 SPEAKER_00: mile standard, which says let's 00:30:44.000 --> 00:30:45.000 SPEAKER_00: measure miles not just for 00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:47.000 SPEAKER_00: traction or for mobility, but also 00:30:47.000 --> 00:30:49.000 SPEAKER_00: for these other purposes, like 00:30:49.000 --> 00:30:50.000 SPEAKER_00: bidirectional charging. 00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:52.000 SPEAKER_00: Maybe that's what our measurement 00:30:52.000 --> 00:30:55.000 SPEAKER_00: should be, our standard should be. 00:30:55.000 --> 00:31:07.000 Unknown: So do any of the studies, or is 00:31:07.000 --> 00:31:09.000 SPEAKER_03: there some other source of 00:31:09.000 --> 00:31:11.000 SPEAKER_03: information that you're aware of 00:31:11.000 --> 00:31:13.000 SPEAKER_03: that considers the conflict 00:31:13.000 --> 00:31:15.000 SPEAKER_03: between using your house as a 00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:18.000 SPEAKER_03: using your car as backup and the 00:31:18.000 --> 00:31:20.000 SPEAKER_03: need to actually use your car as 00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:23.000 SPEAKER_03: a car, is that reflected in here 00:31:23.000 --> 00:31:27.000 SPEAKER_03: in these estimates of additional 00:31:27.000 --> 00:31:28.000 SPEAKER_03: capacity? 00:31:28.000 --> 00:31:30.000 SPEAKER_00: Yeah, so some of these studies 00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:33.000 SPEAKER_00: do take assumptions about when 00:31:33.000 --> 00:31:34.000 SPEAKER_00: customers might need their 00:31:34.000 --> 00:31:36.000 SPEAKER_00: vehicle and what their sort of 00:31:36.000 --> 00:31:37.000 SPEAKER_00: data charge would be. 00:31:37.000 --> 00:31:38.000 SPEAKER_00: Others take real data. 00:31:38.000 --> 00:31:39.000 SPEAKER_00: So, for example, the Stanford 00:31:39.000 --> 00:31:41.000 SPEAKER_00: study, you know, they actually 00:31:41.000 --> 00:31:43.000 SPEAKER_00: took real world data from an 00:31:43.000 --> 00:31:45.000 SPEAKER_00: automaker, even actually pre-COVID 00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:47.000 SPEAKER_00: because they wanted to better 00:31:47.000 --> 00:31:49.000 SPEAKER_00: understand maybe what that would 00:31:49.000 --> 00:31:50.000 SPEAKER_00: look like. 00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:52.000 SPEAKER_00: The analysis was just done, but 00:31:52.000 --> 00:31:53.000 SPEAKER_00: the data is pre-COVID. 00:31:53.000 --> 00:31:54.000 SPEAKER_00: So it is real world. 00:31:54.000 --> 00:31:56.000 SPEAKER_00: In addition to mobility, what 00:31:56.000 --> 00:31:58.000 Unknown: sort of wiggle room do we have to 00:31:58.000 --> 00:32:00.000 SPEAKER_00: play with with these extra 00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:01.000 SPEAKER_00: kilowatt hours? 00:32:01.000 --> 00:32:03.000 SPEAKER_00: So it is in that case taken into 00:32:03.000 --> 00:32:04.000 SPEAKER_00: account. 00:32:04.000 --> 00:32:05.000 SPEAKER_00: Thank you. 00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:08.000 SPEAKER_02: Any other questions? 00:32:08.000 --> 00:32:09.000 Unknown: Okay. 00:32:09.000 --> 00:32:12.000 Unknown: I think we'll go on to James. 00:32:12.000 --> 00:32:13.000 Unknown: Thank you so much. 00:32:13.000 --> 00:32:15.000 Unknown: Thank you very much. 00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:16.000 Unknown: Thanks. 00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:21.000 Unknown: I also want to say thank you for 00:32:21.000 --> 00:32:23.000 SPEAKER_01: that presentation, and now I want 00:32:23.000 --> 00:32:25.000 SPEAKER_01: to do a little bit of work to kind 00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:27.000 SPEAKER_01: of map that large kind of what 00:32:27.000 --> 00:32:28.000 SPEAKER_01: the nation is doing and what this 00:32:28.000 --> 00:32:30.000 SPEAKER_01: larger conversation looks like 00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:31.000 SPEAKER_01: down to what this picture looks 00:32:31.000 --> 00:32:32.000 SPEAKER_01: like for Sacramento and our 00:32:32.000 --> 00:32:34.000 SPEAKER_01: community and our customers and 00:32:34.000 --> 00:32:36.000 SPEAKER_01: the things that we're doing to 00:32:36.000 --> 00:32:37.000 SPEAKER_01: help bring this opportunity 00:32:37.000 --> 00:32:38.000 SPEAKER_01: forward. 00:32:38.000 --> 00:32:40.000 SPEAKER_01: I also want to start with a chart 00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:42.000 SPEAKER_01: that just highlights the number 00:32:42.000 --> 00:32:45.000 SPEAKER_01: of vehicles that are engaging in 00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.000 SPEAKER_01: this vehicle-to-grid charging and 00:32:49.000 --> 00:32:51.000 SPEAKER_01: interaction conversation. 00:32:51.000 --> 00:32:53.000 SPEAKER_01: When we see a chart like this, if 00:32:53.000 --> 00:32:55.000 SPEAKER_01: we go back five years, this was 00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:56.000 SPEAKER_01: just a chart about the type of 00:32:56.000 --> 00:32:57.000 SPEAKER_01: auto manufacturers that were 00:32:57.000 --> 00:32:58.000 SPEAKER_01: thinking about building electric 00:32:58.000 --> 00:32:59.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles. 00:32:59.000 --> 00:33:02.000 SPEAKER_01: It was do we add a new model to 00:33:02.000 --> 00:33:03.000 SPEAKER_01: our line? 00:33:03.000 --> 00:33:05.000 SPEAKER_01: Do we expand what we're doing? 00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:07.000 SPEAKER_01: In just a really short period of 00:33:07.000 --> 00:33:08.000 SPEAKER_01: time, really in the last couple of 00:33:08.000 --> 00:33:10.000 SPEAKER_01: years, the conversation has rapidly 00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:13.000 SPEAKER_01: transitioned to not just we're 00:33:13.000 --> 00:33:14.000 SPEAKER_01: building electric vehicles, but 00:33:14.000 --> 00:33:15.000 SPEAKER_01: we're leaning into these advanced 00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:16.000 SPEAKER_01: features. 00:33:16.000 --> 00:33:17.000 SPEAKER_01: We're leaning into things that 00:33:17.000 --> 00:33:19.000 SPEAKER_01: create stackable value for 00:33:19.000 --> 00:33:21.000 SPEAKER_01: customers and EV drivers. 00:33:21.000 --> 00:33:24.000 SPEAKER_01: It's a really exciting message that 00:33:24.000 --> 00:33:25.000 SPEAKER_01: we're seeing from the automotive 00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:27.000 SPEAKER_01: OEM industry around their 00:33:27.000 --> 00:33:29.000 SPEAKER_01: willingness and excitement to lean 00:33:29.000 --> 00:33:31.000 SPEAKER_01: into this type of technology. 00:33:31.000 --> 00:33:32.000 Unknown: It makes the potential that we're 00:33:32.000 --> 00:33:35.000 SPEAKER_01: talking about for this market and 00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:36.000 SPEAKER_01: for this grid value really 00:33:36.000 --> 00:33:38.000 SPEAKER_01: tangible. 00:33:38.000 --> 00:33:40.000 SPEAKER_01: When we look at what the electric 00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:42.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle adoption looks like in 00:33:42.000 --> 00:33:45.000 SPEAKER_01: Sacramento, last year in 2025, we 00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:48.000 SPEAKER_01: added 12,000 new electric vehicles 00:33:48.000 --> 00:33:51.000 SPEAKER_01: to the region. 00:33:51.000 --> 00:33:53.000 SPEAKER_01: That's an 18% increase from the 00:33:53.000 --> 00:33:55.000 SPEAKER_01: number of vehicles that we had in 00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:56.000 SPEAKER_01: 2024. 00:33:56.000 --> 00:33:58.000 SPEAKER_01: It brings our total of electric 00:33:58.000 --> 00:34:01.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles over 76,000 electric 00:34:01.000 --> 00:34:02.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles now. 00:34:02.000 --> 00:34:03.000 SPEAKER_01: That's 76,000. 00:34:03.000 --> 00:34:05.000 SPEAKER_01: That's 6% of the total population. 00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:07.000 SPEAKER_01: There's still a massive amount of 00:34:07.000 --> 00:34:09.000 SPEAKER_01: transportation electrification to 00:34:09.000 --> 00:34:10.000 SPEAKER_01: go. 00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:13.000 SPEAKER_01: As we see these OEMs adding this 00:34:13.000 --> 00:34:15.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle to grid capability, that's 00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:17.000 SPEAKER_01: really seeding the market. 00:34:17.000 --> 00:34:18.000 SPEAKER_01: When you're buying an electric 00:34:18.000 --> 00:34:20.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle today, when you're buying 00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:21.000 SPEAKER_01: one next year, when you're ready to 00:34:21.000 --> 00:34:22.000 SPEAKER_01: replace your vehicle, there's a 00:34:22.000 --> 00:34:24.000 SPEAKER_01: good chance that that next electric 00:34:24.000 --> 00:34:26.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle that you buy will be 00:34:26.000 --> 00:34:27.000 SPEAKER_01: provisioned for this. 00:34:27.000 --> 00:34:28.000 SPEAKER_01: That will be plug-in ready for 00:34:28.000 --> 00:34:29.000 SPEAKER_01: this so that when you have that 00:34:29.000 --> 00:34:31.000 SPEAKER_01: charger in your garage, when you 00:34:31.000 --> 00:34:32.000 SPEAKER_01: pull up to a vehicle to grid 00:34:32.000 --> 00:34:34.000 SPEAKER_01: charging station as part of a 00:34:34.000 --> 00:34:35.000 SPEAKER_01: workplace charging program in the 00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:37.000 SPEAKER_01: future, that your car is 00:34:37.000 --> 00:34:38.000 SPEAKER_01: compatible and that we can access 00:34:38.000 --> 00:34:40.000 SPEAKER_01: that market potential. 00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:42.000 Unknown: At the same time, I also want to 00:34:42.000 --> 00:34:43.000 SPEAKER_01: acknowledge that it's a very 00:34:43.000 --> 00:34:44.000 SPEAKER_01: nascent market. 00:34:44.000 --> 00:34:45.000 SPEAKER_01: We're early in the technology 00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:46.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation. 00:34:46.000 --> 00:34:47.000 SPEAKER_01: You'll see the first vehicle up 00:34:47.000 --> 00:34:50.000 SPEAKER_01: there, the Ford F-150 Lightning. 00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:51.000 SPEAKER_01: One of the most exciting 00:34:51.000 --> 00:34:53.000 SPEAKER_01: commercials for vehicle to home 00:34:53.000 --> 00:34:55.000 SPEAKER_01: or back at Power Commercial two 00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:57.000 SPEAKER_01: years ago was the Ford Lightning 00:34:57.000 --> 00:34:58.000 SPEAKER_01: truck pulling onto the road and 00:34:58.000 --> 00:34:59.000 SPEAKER_01: pulling up in front of a house 00:34:59.000 --> 00:35:00.000 SPEAKER_01: that was totally dark, plugging 00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:01.000 SPEAKER_01: in the truck and the house 00:35:01.000 --> 00:35:02.000 SPEAKER_01: energizing. 00:35:02.000 --> 00:35:04.000 SPEAKER_01: Really exciting from a customer 00:35:04.000 --> 00:35:05.000 SPEAKER_01: resilience, energy independence 00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:07.000 SPEAKER_01: standpoint, a phenomenal customer 00:35:07.000 --> 00:35:08.000 SPEAKER_01: experience in terms of that 00:35:08.000 --> 00:35:10.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle being able to enable 00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:11.000 SPEAKER_01: something that didn't exist 00:35:11.000 --> 00:35:12.000 SPEAKER_01: before. 00:35:12.000 --> 00:35:14.000 SPEAKER_01: And at the end of 2025, Ford 00:35:14.000 --> 00:35:15.000 SPEAKER_01: announced that they're 00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:16.000 SPEAKER_01: discontinuing that particular 00:35:16.000 --> 00:35:18.000 SPEAKER_01: model and that they're not going 00:35:18.000 --> 00:35:19.000 SPEAKER_01: to be manufacturing that. 00:35:19.000 --> 00:35:21.000 SPEAKER_01: Now, they'll likely be switching 00:35:21.000 --> 00:35:22.000 SPEAKER_01: to a parallel hybrid and 00:35:22.000 --> 00:35:24.000 SPEAKER_01: continuing to invest in this 00:35:24.000 --> 00:35:25.000 SPEAKER_01: technology. 00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:27.000 SPEAKER_01: But what I want to highlight is 00:35:27.000 --> 00:35:28.000 SPEAKER_01: that there is a lot of growth 00:35:28.000 --> 00:35:30.000 SPEAKER_01: and shifting in this market. 00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:31.000 SPEAKER_01: It's still very early. 00:35:31.000 --> 00:35:33.000 SPEAKER_01: And so certainty needs to be 00:35:33.000 --> 00:35:35.000 SPEAKER_01: taken with an understanding that 00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:37.000 SPEAKER_01: the market is still moving, it's 00:35:37.000 --> 00:35:38.000 SPEAKER_01: still evolving, the technology is 00:35:38.000 --> 00:35:39.000 SPEAKER_01: still advancing. 00:35:39.000 --> 00:35:40.000 SPEAKER_01: And so the importance of 00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:42.000 SPEAKER_01: research and development and 00:35:42.000 --> 00:35:44.000 SPEAKER_01: building this baseline 00:35:44.000 --> 00:35:45.000 SPEAKER_01: understanding into our long-term 00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:47.000 SPEAKER_01: plans becomes absolutely critical 00:35:47.000 --> 00:35:48.000 SPEAKER_01: for getting it right. 00:35:48.000 --> 00:35:51.000 SPEAKER_01: So we have over 80,000 vehicles 00:35:51.000 --> 00:35:53.000 SPEAKER_06: that are electric. 00:35:53.000 --> 00:35:55.000 SPEAKER_06: But how many of them do we know 00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:58.000 SPEAKER_06: are vehicle to grid capable? 00:35:58.000 --> 00:36:00.000 SPEAKER_06: So we do not know the specific 00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:02.000 SPEAKER_01: number on which of those are. 00:36:02.000 --> 00:36:04.000 SPEAKER_01: We expect that it's a pretty low 00:36:04.000 --> 00:36:06.000 SPEAKER_01: percentage as most of the 00:36:06.000 --> 00:36:08.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles that are getting are 00:36:08.000 --> 00:36:10.000 SPEAKER_01: enabled for full vehicle to grid 00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:13.000 SPEAKER_01: are very much in the most recent 00:36:13.000 --> 00:36:14.000 SPEAKER_01: model years. 00:36:14.000 --> 00:36:16.000 SPEAKER_01: So probably closer to that 12,000 00:36:16.000 --> 00:36:18.000 SPEAKER_01: number or less. 00:36:18.000 --> 00:36:20.000 Unknown: Yeah, it just makes me think if 00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:22.000 SPEAKER_06: we had any idea it would be 00:36:22.000 --> 00:36:23.000 SPEAKER_06: interesting just because we're 00:36:23.000 --> 00:36:25.000 SPEAKER_06: doing so much to get the battery 00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:26.000 SPEAKER_06: walls out. 00:36:26.000 --> 00:36:28.000 SPEAKER_06: But we've got these rolling 00:36:28.000 --> 00:36:29.000 SPEAKER_06: around town. 00:36:29.000 --> 00:36:30.000 SPEAKER_06: And if we can actually figure out 00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:31.000 SPEAKER_06: how to do a pilot with them, that 00:36:31.000 --> 00:36:32.000 SPEAKER_06: would be fascinating at some 00:36:32.000 --> 00:36:33.000 SPEAKER_06: point. 00:36:33.000 --> 00:36:34.000 SPEAKER_06: Absolutely. 00:36:34.000 --> 00:36:36.000 SPEAKER_01: And I'll have a chance to talk a 00:36:36.000 --> 00:36:37.000 SPEAKER_01: little bit in a couple of slides 00:36:37.000 --> 00:36:39.000 SPEAKER_01: about what a pilot like that 00:36:39.000 --> 00:36:41.000 SPEAKER_01: might look like and the capacity 00:36:41.000 --> 00:36:42.000 SPEAKER_01: that we could expect to see. 00:36:42.000 --> 00:36:44.000 SPEAKER_01: So that's an exciting 00:36:44.000 --> 00:36:45.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation. 00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:47.000 Unknown: It's not just a light-duty 00:36:47.000 --> 00:36:48.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation, though. 00:36:48.000 --> 00:36:50.000 SPEAKER_01: We also see this conversation 00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:52.000 SPEAKER_01: taking root in heavy duty. 00:36:52.000 --> 00:36:54.000 SPEAKER_01: Zach mentioned that electric 00:36:54.000 --> 00:36:56.000 SPEAKER_01: school buses are really a beach 00:36:56.000 --> 00:36:58.000 SPEAKER_01: head for the vehicle to grid 00:36:58.000 --> 00:36:59.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation. 00:36:59.000 --> 00:37:00.000 SPEAKER_01: We're very much seeing that in 00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:02.000 SPEAKER_01: California as well. 00:37:02.000 --> 00:37:03.000 SPEAKER_01: A large majority of this 00:37:03.000 --> 00:37:05.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation is policy driven 00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:07.000 SPEAKER_01: with Senate bills supporting 00:37:07.000 --> 00:37:08.000 SPEAKER_01: electric vehicle and electric 00:37:08.000 --> 00:37:11.000 SPEAKER_01: bus bidirectional capabilities, 00:37:11.000 --> 00:37:12.000 SPEAKER_01: advanced clean fleets, 00:37:12.000 --> 00:37:15.000 SPEAKER_01: incentives supporting and 00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:16.000 SPEAKER_01: standards supporting the 00:37:16.000 --> 00:37:18.000 SPEAKER_01: adoption of these vehicles, and 00:37:18.000 --> 00:37:20.000 SPEAKER_01: assembly bill 579 actually 00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:21.000 SPEAKER_01: setting requirements for school 00:37:21.000 --> 00:37:24.000 SPEAKER_01: buses to be fully electrified. 00:37:24.000 --> 00:37:26.000 SPEAKER_01: So policy in addition to grid 00:37:26.000 --> 00:37:28.000 SPEAKER_01: benefit and customer value is 00:37:28.000 --> 00:37:29.000 SPEAKER_01: driving a significant amount of 00:37:29.000 --> 00:37:31.000 SPEAKER_01: adoption of these technologies 00:37:31.000 --> 00:37:32.000 SPEAKER_01: and giving us an early market 00:37:32.000 --> 00:37:34.000 SPEAKER_01: that we can test and evaluate 00:37:34.000 --> 00:37:35.000 SPEAKER_01: these technologies to figure out 00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:37.000 SPEAKER_01: what these long-term plans are 00:37:37.000 --> 00:37:38.000 SPEAKER_01: and what the right scalable 00:37:38.000 --> 00:37:43.000 SPEAKER_01: solutions should be. 00:37:43.000 --> 00:37:44.000 Unknown: I want to dive into that 00:37:44.000 --> 00:37:46.000 SPEAKER_01: potential conversation just a 00:37:46.000 --> 00:37:49.000 SPEAKER_01: little bit because we often talk 00:37:49.000 --> 00:37:51.000 SPEAKER_01: about load flexibility in terms 00:37:51.000 --> 00:37:53.000 SPEAKER_01: of different types of DERs. 00:37:53.000 --> 00:37:54.000 SPEAKER_01: What can your commercial battery 00:37:54.000 --> 00:37:55.000 SPEAKER_01: do? 00:37:55.000 --> 00:37:56.000 SPEAKER_01: What can your residential 00:37:56.000 --> 00:37:57.000 SPEAKER_01: battery do? 00:37:57.000 --> 00:37:58.000 SPEAKER_01: What can your thermostat do? 00:37:58.000 --> 00:37:59.000 SPEAKER_01: And what happens with a lot of 00:37:59.000 --> 00:38:01.000 SPEAKER_01: these devices is that they do 00:38:01.000 --> 00:38:02.000 SPEAKER_01: start to saturate a little bit. 00:38:02.000 --> 00:38:03.000 SPEAKER_01: There are houses that are good 00:38:03.000 --> 00:38:06.000 SPEAKER_01: fits for different technologies. 00:38:06.000 --> 00:38:09.000 SPEAKER_01: There are cost tradeoffs that a 00:38:09.000 --> 00:38:11.000 SPEAKER_01: thermostat still needs to be a 00:38:11.000 --> 00:38:12.000 SPEAKER_01: thermostat. 00:38:12.000 --> 00:38:13.000 SPEAKER_01: One of the exciting things about 00:38:13.000 --> 00:38:14.000 SPEAKER_01: an electric vehicle is that 00:38:14.000 --> 00:38:16.000 SPEAKER_01: there's 1.2 million light duty 00:38:16.000 --> 00:38:18.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles roughly in the Sacramento 00:38:18.000 --> 00:38:19.000 SPEAKER_01: region. 00:38:19.000 --> 00:38:21.000 SPEAKER_01: Customers are converting those 00:38:21.000 --> 00:38:22.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles to electric. 00:38:22.000 --> 00:38:25.000 SPEAKER_01: And as they get into 2030, 2035, 00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:27.000 SPEAKER_01: 2040, those vehicles are going to 00:38:27.000 --> 00:38:28.000 SPEAKER_01: be electric. 00:38:28.000 --> 00:38:30.000 SPEAKER_01: This opportunity for capacity 00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:32.000 SPEAKER_01: continues to grow independently 00:38:32.000 --> 00:38:35.000 SPEAKER_01: of the baseline saturation. 00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:37.000 SPEAKER_01: People still need to transport. 00:38:37.000 --> 00:38:38.000 SPEAKER_01: People still need to drive. 00:38:38.000 --> 00:38:40.000 SPEAKER_01: People still need to commute. 00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:42.000 SPEAKER_01: And so we see continued growth. 00:38:42.000 --> 00:38:44.000 SPEAKER_01: And as we get out closer to 2040, 00:38:44.000 --> 00:38:45.000 SPEAKER_01: we see that vehicle-to-grid 00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:47.000 SPEAKER_01: technology has the potential to be 00:38:47.000 --> 00:38:48.000 SPEAKER_01: one of our highest capacity 00:38:48.000 --> 00:38:50.000 SPEAKER_01: resources eclipsing both the 00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:51.000 SPEAKER_01: residential battery and 00:38:51.000 --> 00:38:53.000 SPEAKER_01: commercial battery market in terms 00:38:53.000 --> 00:38:56.000 SPEAKER_01: of load flexibility solutions. 00:38:56.000 --> 00:39:00.000 Unknown: So it really very much is a long 00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:02.000 SPEAKER_01: term opportunity that we have the 00:39:02.000 --> 00:39:04.000 SPEAKER_01: real opportunity to scale into 00:39:04.000 --> 00:39:06.000 SPEAKER_01: today. 00:39:06.000 --> 00:39:08.000 Unknown: And so I want to talk a little 00:39:08.000 --> 00:39:10.000 SPEAKER_01: bit about the value proposition, 00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:12.000 SPEAKER_01: because it's not just how can 00:39:12.000 --> 00:39:14.000 SPEAKER_01: these batteries support the grid. 00:39:14.000 --> 00:39:16.000 SPEAKER_01: It's customers that are buying 00:39:16.000 --> 00:39:17.000 SPEAKER_01: these electric vehicles. 00:39:17.000 --> 00:39:19.000 SPEAKER_01: And so it really starts with that 00:39:19.000 --> 00:39:20.000 SPEAKER_01: customer value. 00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:23.000 SPEAKER_01: It's based on the utility 00:39:23.000 --> 00:39:25.000 SPEAKER_01: incentive programs, how we can 00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:26.000 SPEAKER_01: improve the return on the 00:39:26.000 --> 00:39:27.000 SPEAKER_01: investment for that vehicle by 00:39:27.000 --> 00:39:29.000 SPEAKER_01: sharing that resource when the 00:39:29.000 --> 00:39:30.000 SPEAKER_01: grid is strained and when we need 00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:32.000 SPEAKER_01: it and helping the customer make 00:39:32.000 --> 00:39:33.000 SPEAKER_01: that adoption. 00:39:33.000 --> 00:39:35.000 SPEAKER_01: It's also that vehicle-to-home, 00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:37.000 SPEAKER_01: V2H resiliency conversation, how 00:39:37.000 --> 00:39:39.000 SPEAKER_01: they can provide that backup power 00:39:39.000 --> 00:39:40.000 SPEAKER_01: for themselves. 00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:42.000 SPEAKER_01: And then the last bullet here is 00:39:42.000 --> 00:39:43.000 SPEAKER_01: energy management. 00:39:43.000 --> 00:39:45.000 SPEAKER_01: I know that we talk a lot about 00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:47.000 SPEAKER_01: battery programs and the battery 00:39:47.000 --> 00:39:48.000 SPEAKER_01: on the wall being able to help 00:39:48.000 --> 00:39:49.000 SPEAKER_01: maximize your solar self- 00:39:49.000 --> 00:39:51.000 SPEAKER_01: consumption and your own energy 00:39:51.000 --> 00:39:52.000 SPEAKER_01: usage. 00:39:52.000 --> 00:39:54.000 SPEAKER_01: But the vehicle in your garage 00:39:54.000 --> 00:39:55.000 SPEAKER_01: and the battery in that vehicle 00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:56.000 SPEAKER_01: has the ability to provide many 00:39:56.000 --> 00:39:57.000 SPEAKER_01: of those same services. 00:39:57.000 --> 00:39:59.000 SPEAKER_01: It gives customers that energy 00:39:59.000 --> 00:40:00.000 SPEAKER_01: independence, the ability to make 00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:02.000 SPEAKER_01: their own choices, and it creates 00:40:02.000 --> 00:40:03.000 SPEAKER_01: that value for them at the 00:40:03.000 --> 00:40:04.000 SPEAKER_01: customer level. 00:40:04.000 --> 00:40:06.000 SPEAKER_01: On the grid side, as we're talking 00:40:06.000 --> 00:40:07.000 SPEAKER_01: about those utility programs and 00:40:07.000 --> 00:40:10.000 SPEAKER_01: incentives, modeling how we 00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:12.000 SPEAKER_01: translate that into actual bulk 00:40:12.000 --> 00:40:13.000 SPEAKER_01: grid value, whether that's 00:40:13.000 --> 00:40:14.000 SPEAKER_01: resource adequacy, whether that's 00:40:14.000 --> 00:40:16.000 SPEAKER_01: optimizing how we operate in the 00:40:16.000 --> 00:40:18.000 SPEAKER_01: wholesale energy market, our 00:40:18.000 --> 00:40:19.000 SPEAKER_01: distribution system, thinking 00:40:19.000 --> 00:40:21.000 SPEAKER_01: about how we can utilize 00:40:21.000 --> 00:40:23.000 SPEAKER_01: distributed energy resources to 00:40:23.000 --> 00:40:25.000 SPEAKER_01: avoid infrastructure upgrades or 00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:28.000 SPEAKER_01: to minimize the impact on existing 00:40:28.000 --> 00:40:29.000 SPEAKER_01: infrastructure and prevent having 00:40:29.000 --> 00:40:30.000 SPEAKER_01: to build new infrastructure or 00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:31.000 SPEAKER_01: limit the amount of new 00:40:31.000 --> 00:40:32.000 SPEAKER_01: infrastructure that we have to 00:40:32.000 --> 00:40:34.000 SPEAKER_01: build because we have a huge fleet 00:40:34.000 --> 00:40:36.000 SPEAKER_01: of batteries that are available 00:40:36.000 --> 00:40:38.000 SPEAKER_01: in the existing market that are 00:40:38.000 --> 00:40:39.000 SPEAKER_01: being adopted for those other 00:40:39.000 --> 00:40:40.000 SPEAKER_01: applications that are idle that 00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:41.000 SPEAKER_01: can be shared. 00:40:41.000 --> 00:40:43.000 SPEAKER_01: The conversation isn't without 00:40:43.000 --> 00:40:44.000 SPEAKER_01: tradeoffs. 00:40:44.000 --> 00:40:45.000 SPEAKER_01: When we're using a customer 00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:48.000 SPEAKER_01: battery for grid applications, 00:40:48.000 --> 00:40:50.000 Unknown: that average charge time is going 00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:51.000 SPEAKER_01: to be longer. 00:40:51.000 --> 00:40:52.000 SPEAKER_01: There will be a discharge on that 00:40:52.000 --> 00:40:53.000 SPEAKER_01: battery. 00:40:53.000 --> 00:40:55.000 SPEAKER_01: It will be a recharge if you're 00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:58.000 SPEAKER_01: in this program that may exist in 00:40:58.000 --> 00:40:59.000 SPEAKER_01: the future. 00:40:59.000 --> 00:41:00.000 SPEAKER_01: You walk into your garage. 00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:02.000 SPEAKER_01: If it was an unexpected departure, 00:41:02.000 --> 00:41:04.000 SPEAKER_01: your battery might be at 75 percent 00:41:04.000 --> 00:41:06.000 SPEAKER_01: instead of 100 percent where it 00:41:06.000 --> 00:41:07.000 SPEAKER_01: would have otherwise been. 00:41:07.000 --> 00:41:10.000 SPEAKER_01: So it's not necessarily a without 00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:11.000 SPEAKER_01: tradeoff conversation. 00:41:11.000 --> 00:41:13.000 SPEAKER_01: Vehicle location certainty. 00:41:13.000 --> 00:41:15.000 SPEAKER_01: As we're talking about fleets and 00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:17.000 SPEAKER_01: we're thinking about how we 00:41:17.000 --> 00:41:19.000 SPEAKER_01: contract for capacity and how we 00:41:19.000 --> 00:41:20.000 SPEAKER_01: make best use of those fleets, we 00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:21.000 SPEAKER_01: need to know that those vehicles 00:41:21.000 --> 00:41:23.000 SPEAKER_01: are going to be where we expect 00:41:23.000 --> 00:41:24.000 SPEAKER_01: them to be and that they're going 00:41:24.000 --> 00:41:25.000 SPEAKER_01: to have the level of charge that 00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:26.000 SPEAKER_01: we expect them to have so that 00:41:26.000 --> 00:41:28.000 SPEAKER_01: that value that they're providing 00:41:28.000 --> 00:41:29.000 SPEAKER_01: to the grid is reliable. 00:41:29.000 --> 00:41:31.000 SPEAKER_01: We can't have an unreliable 00:41:31.000 --> 00:41:33.000 SPEAKER_01: resource that we're counting or 00:41:33.000 --> 00:41:35.000 SPEAKER_01: utilizing as part of our overall 00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:36.000 SPEAKER_01: reliability portfolio. 00:41:36.000 --> 00:41:37.000 SPEAKER_01: And so that's a tradeoff that we 00:41:37.000 --> 00:41:38.000 SPEAKER_01: have to figure out how to properly 00:41:38.000 --> 00:41:40.000 SPEAKER_01: value with the customers and the 00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:41.000 SPEAKER_01: fleet owners in that conversation. 00:41:41.000 --> 00:41:43.000 SPEAKER_01: And then the bottom line here is 00:41:43.000 --> 00:41:45.000 SPEAKER_01: the potential increase in battery 00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:46.000 SPEAKER_01: degradation. 00:41:46.000 --> 00:41:47.000 SPEAKER_01: No matter how we look at it, 00:41:47.000 --> 00:41:49.000 SPEAKER_01: utilizing a battery for grid 00:41:49.000 --> 00:41:51.000 SPEAKER_01: services will put additional 00:41:51.000 --> 00:41:53.000 SPEAKER_01: cycles onto the battery system. 00:41:53.000 --> 00:41:55.000 SPEAKER_01: It will increase that degradation. 00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:56.000 SPEAKER_01: Now, most vehicle to grid 00:41:56.000 --> 00:41:58.000 SPEAKER_01: applications, they're pretty slow 00:41:58.000 --> 00:41:59.000 SPEAKER_01: charging and discharging relative 00:41:59.000 --> 00:42:01.000 SPEAKER_01: to accelerating to get onto the 00:42:01.000 --> 00:42:03.000 SPEAKER_01: on-ramp of your local freeway. 00:42:03.000 --> 00:42:05.000 SPEAKER_01: And so it's friendly charging and 00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:07.000 SPEAKER_01: discharging with respect to 00:42:07.000 --> 00:42:09.000 SPEAKER_01: degradation, minimal impact. 00:42:09.000 --> 00:42:11.000 SPEAKER_01: But it's nonzero. 00:42:11.000 --> 00:42:14.000 SPEAKER_01: And while the automotive OEMs are 00:42:14.000 --> 00:42:17.000 SPEAKER_01: working hard to model the 00:42:17.000 --> 00:42:18.000 SPEAKER_01: warranties and to incorporate 00:42:18.000 --> 00:42:20.000 SPEAKER_01: these provisions, it's not 00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:21.000 SPEAKER_01: established science. 00:42:21.000 --> 00:42:23.000 SPEAKER_01: It's not consistent across all the 00:42:23.000 --> 00:42:24.000 SPEAKER_01: OEMs. 00:42:24.000 --> 00:42:26.000 SPEAKER_01: And so from a utility standpoint, 00:42:26.000 --> 00:42:27.000 SPEAKER_01: that becomes a tradeoff of 00:42:27.000 --> 00:42:29.000 SPEAKER_01: balancing the customer's warranty 00:42:29.000 --> 00:42:31.000 SPEAKER_01: and how they would like to use 00:42:31.000 --> 00:42:33.000 SPEAKER_01: their electric vehicle against 00:42:33.000 --> 00:42:34.000 SPEAKER_01: what the grid needs and what our 00:42:34.000 --> 00:42:36.000 SPEAKER_01: programs are most interested in 00:42:36.000 --> 00:42:37.000 SPEAKER_01: doing. 00:42:37.000 --> 00:42:40.000 Unknown: And so with that, as we've looked 00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:42.000 SPEAKER_01: at kind of where we start the 00:42:42.000 --> 00:42:44.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation, a significant amount 00:42:44.000 --> 00:42:47.000 SPEAKER_01: of our early research has focused 00:42:47.000 --> 00:42:49.000 SPEAKER_01: on electric school buses as being 00:42:49.000 --> 00:42:50.000 SPEAKER_01: our starting point for the 00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:51.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation. 00:42:51.000 --> 00:42:52.000 SPEAKER_01: And so I wanted to share just a 00:42:52.000 --> 00:42:54.000 SPEAKER_01: little bit of information as to 00:42:54.000 --> 00:42:56.000 SPEAKER_01: why we look at school buses to 00:42:56.000 --> 00:42:57.000 SPEAKER_01: help us with our early vehicle 00:42:57.000 --> 00:42:59.000 SPEAKER_01: to grid evaluations. 00:42:59.000 --> 00:43:02.000 SPEAKER_01: In Sacramento, there's about 800 00:43:02.000 --> 00:43:04.000 SPEAKER_01: school buses spread out across our 00:43:04.000 --> 00:43:06.000 SPEAKER_01: 13 school districts. 00:43:06.000 --> 00:43:08.000 SPEAKER_01: And today, already, as of 00:43:08.000 --> 00:43:11.000 SPEAKER_01: December 2025, 111 of those buses 00:43:11.000 --> 00:43:13.000 SPEAKER_01: are already electrified. 00:43:13.000 --> 00:43:16.000 SPEAKER_01: I saw that bullet on this slide 00:43:16.000 --> 00:43:17.000 SPEAKER_01: and reviewed it and was just 00:43:17.000 --> 00:43:19.000 SPEAKER_01: blown away. 00:43:19.000 --> 00:43:21.000 SPEAKER_01: It was a really proud moment for 00:43:21.000 --> 00:43:23.000 SPEAKER_01: the region to see just the sheer 00:43:23.000 --> 00:43:24.000 SPEAKER_01: number of buses that are already 00:43:24.000 --> 00:43:26.000 SPEAKER_01: electrified in Sacramento. 00:43:26.000 --> 00:43:28.000 SPEAKER_01: And as many as 72 of those buses 00:43:28.000 --> 00:43:30.000 SPEAKER_01: are already vehicle to grid 00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:31.000 SPEAKER_01: capable. 00:43:31.000 --> 00:43:32.000 SPEAKER_01: So it's a very, very exciting 00:43:32.000 --> 00:43:33.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation. 00:43:33.000 --> 00:43:35.000 SPEAKER_01: The graph on the right side of 00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:37.000 SPEAKER_01: the chart here actually shows a 00:43:37.000 --> 00:43:39.000 SPEAKER_01: little bit of information about 00:43:39.000 --> 00:43:40.000 SPEAKER_01: why school buses are a great 00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:42.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation and opportunity for 00:43:42.000 --> 00:43:44.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle to grid. 00:43:44.000 --> 00:43:46.000 SPEAKER_01: The yellow section, labeled depot, 00:43:46.000 --> 00:43:48.000 SPEAKER_01: shows when the bus is at that 00:43:48.000 --> 00:43:50.000 SPEAKER_01: depot, when it's plugged in, when 00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:51.000 SPEAKER_01: it's idle. 00:43:51.000 --> 00:43:52.000 SPEAKER_01: It may be charging during that 00:43:52.000 --> 00:43:53.000 SPEAKER_01: window. 00:43:53.000 --> 00:43:54.000 SPEAKER_01: It may be at a low state of charge 00:43:54.000 --> 00:43:56.000 SPEAKER_01: if it just got back. 00:43:56.000 --> 00:43:58.000 SPEAKER_01: It may be able to discharge 00:43:58.000 --> 00:43:59.000 SPEAKER_01: during that window. 00:43:59.000 --> 00:44:00.000 SPEAKER_01: It recharges during the middle of 00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:03.000 SPEAKER_01: the day, most likely from solar. 00:44:03.000 --> 00:44:05.000 SPEAKER_01: And then it discharges at the end 00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:07.000 SPEAKER_01: of the day, 2 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 00:44:07.000 --> 00:44:08.000 SPEAKER_01: 4 o'clock while it's taking 00:44:08.000 --> 00:44:10.000 SPEAKER_01: students back to their homes 00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:11.000 SPEAKER_01: after school. 00:44:11.000 --> 00:44:13.000 SPEAKER_01: Returns to the depot and then 00:44:13.000 --> 00:44:14.000 SPEAKER_01: begins to recharge. 00:44:14.000 --> 00:44:16.000 SPEAKER_01: Any idle capacity that was in 00:44:16.000 --> 00:44:17.000 SPEAKER_01: that battery pack can be 00:44:17.000 --> 00:44:20.000 SPEAKER_01: available for V2G applications. 00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:22.000 SPEAKER_01: When we have our highest peaks in 00:44:23.000 --> 00:44:24.000 SPEAKER_01: California, oftentimes they're 00:44:24.000 --> 00:44:25.000 SPEAKER_01: summer peaks. 00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:26.000 SPEAKER_01: School doesn't tend to be in 00:44:26.000 --> 00:44:27.000 SPEAKER_01: session in summer. 00:44:27.000 --> 00:44:29.000 SPEAKER_01: Now, while we see peaks showing 00:44:29.000 --> 00:44:30.000 SPEAKER_01: up later and later in the year, 00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:32.000 SPEAKER_01: that does start to overlap a 00:44:32.000 --> 00:44:33.000 SPEAKER_01: little bit, and so there are a 00:44:33.000 --> 00:44:34.000 SPEAKER_01: lot of considerations there. 00:44:34.000 --> 00:44:36.000 SPEAKER_01: But for a large part of the 00:44:36.000 --> 00:44:38.000 SPEAKER_01: summer, a larger portion of this 00:44:38.000 --> 00:44:40.000 SPEAKER_01: type of fleet can be available 00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:41.000 SPEAKER_01: for vehicle to grid 00:44:41.000 --> 00:44:43.000 SPEAKER_01: interactivity and services. 00:44:43.000 --> 00:44:45.000 SPEAKER_01: And so it becomes a very exciting 00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:47.000 SPEAKER_01: entry point for the conversation. 00:44:47.000 --> 00:44:50.000 SPEAKER_01: But we need to make sure that 00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:51.000 SPEAKER_01: we're thinking about not just 00:44:51.000 --> 00:44:53.000 SPEAKER_01: there are 72 vehicle to grid 00:44:53.000 --> 00:44:55.000 SPEAKER_01: enabled school buses in the 00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:56.000 SPEAKER_01: region. 00:44:56.000 --> 00:44:57.000 SPEAKER_01: We need to make sure that we're 00:44:57.000 --> 00:44:59.000 SPEAKER_01: thinking about the full system 00:44:59.000 --> 00:45:01.000 SPEAKER_01: of technologies and solutions 00:45:01.000 --> 00:45:03.000 SPEAKER_01: and tradeoffs and priorities in 00:45:03.000 --> 00:45:05.000 SPEAKER_01: order to get to a full, 00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:07.000 SPEAKER_01: successful vehicle to grid 00:45:07.000 --> 00:45:08.000 SPEAKER_01: solution. 00:45:08.000 --> 00:45:10.000 SPEAKER_01: Having an enabled school bus is 00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:12.000 SPEAKER_01: one piece of the puzzle. 00:45:12.000 --> 00:45:13.000 SPEAKER_01: To go with that school bus, you 00:45:13.000 --> 00:45:15.000 Unknown: have to have a bidirectional 00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:16.000 SPEAKER_01: charger that can be properly 00:45:16.000 --> 00:45:18.000 SPEAKER_01: interconnected to the grid that 00:45:18.000 --> 00:45:20.000 SPEAKER_01: interfaces with that bus that 00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:22.000 SPEAKER_01: can provide these bidirectional 00:45:22.000 --> 00:45:23.000 SPEAKER_01: charging services. 00:45:23.000 --> 00:45:24.000 SPEAKER_01: These are new. 00:45:24.000 --> 00:45:25.000 SPEAKER_01: The companies that are 00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:26.000 SPEAKER_01: developing these are often 00:45:26.000 --> 00:45:27.000 SPEAKER_01: emerging. 00:45:27.000 --> 00:45:29.000 SPEAKER_01: Actually, one of the companies 00:45:29.000 --> 00:45:30.000 SPEAKER_01: that was providing these 00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:32.000 SPEAKER_01: chargers with one of our early 00:45:32.000 --> 00:45:34.000 SPEAKER_01: school bus pilots went through a 00:45:34.000 --> 00:45:36.000 SPEAKER_01: merger and acquisition, and the 00:45:36.000 --> 00:45:38.000 SPEAKER_01: company chose to change 00:45:38.000 --> 00:45:40.000 SPEAKER_01: direction and priority on their 00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:41.000 SPEAKER_01: V2G pathways. 00:45:41.000 --> 00:45:44.000 SPEAKER_01: And so we have a pilot that was 00:45:44.000 --> 00:45:46.000 SPEAKER_01: not able to fulfill its full 00:45:46.000 --> 00:45:48.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle to grid opportunity. 00:45:48.000 --> 00:45:50.000 SPEAKER_01: That's part of learning. 00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:51.000 SPEAKER_01: That's part of this journey. 00:45:51.000 --> 00:45:52.000 SPEAKER_01: It's part of why we're doing this 00:45:52.000 --> 00:45:54.000 SPEAKER_01: early research and development, 00:45:54.000 --> 00:45:56.000 SPEAKER_01: but it also makes sure that we're 00:45:56.000 --> 00:45:58.000 SPEAKER_01: being as thoughtful as we can be 00:45:58.000 --> 00:46:01.000 SPEAKER_01: about the whole system, not just 00:46:01.000 --> 00:46:02.000 SPEAKER_01: the individual components. 00:46:02.000 --> 00:46:03.000 SPEAKER_01: And in addition to that 00:46:03.000 --> 00:46:05.000 SPEAKER_01: bidirectional charging and those 00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:07.000 SPEAKER_01: enabled buses, we have to have 00:46:07.000 --> 00:46:08.000 SPEAKER_01: charging service providers and 00:46:08.000 --> 00:46:09.000 SPEAKER_01: aggregators. 00:46:09.000 --> 00:46:10.000 SPEAKER_01: We're not talking about 00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:12.000 SPEAKER_01: individual interfaces to 00:46:12.000 --> 00:46:13.000 SPEAKER_01: individual buses or individual 00:46:13.000 --> 00:46:16.000 SPEAKER_01: chargers at the utility and 00:46:16.000 --> 00:46:17.000 SPEAKER_01: thinking about how we operate 00:46:17.000 --> 00:46:18.000 SPEAKER_01: these as grid resources. 00:46:18.000 --> 00:46:20.000 SPEAKER_01: We need to think about fleets of 00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:22.000 SPEAKER_01: resources, fleets of buses, 00:46:22.000 --> 00:46:23.000 SPEAKER_01: hundreds of buses, thousands of 00:46:23.000 --> 00:46:25.000 SPEAKER_01: light-duty vehicles, tens of 00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:26.000 SPEAKER_01: thousands of light-duty vehicles, 00:46:26.000 --> 00:46:28.000 SPEAKER_01: maybe more, aggregated together 00:46:28.000 --> 00:46:29.000 SPEAKER_01: to get this footprint that we're 00:46:29.000 --> 00:46:31.000 SPEAKER_01: talking about that has 00:46:31.000 --> 00:46:32.000 SPEAKER_01: communication pathway 00:46:32.000 --> 00:46:34.000 SPEAKER_01: considerations, it has costs, it 00:46:34.000 --> 00:46:36.000 SPEAKER_01: has technology complications, and 00:46:36.000 --> 00:46:38.000 SPEAKER_01: all of that has to be established, 00:46:38.000 --> 00:46:40.000 SPEAKER_01: it has to be in place, it has to 00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:41.000 SPEAKER_01: be reliable. 00:46:41.000 --> 00:46:42.000 SPEAKER_01: So we're early in the 00:46:42.000 --> 00:46:43.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation. 00:46:43.000 --> 00:46:45.000 SPEAKER_01: The potential is very real, and 00:46:46.000 --> 00:46:48.000 SPEAKER_01: we're in a spot where these 00:46:48.000 --> 00:46:51.000 SPEAKER_01: early pilots are defining the 00:46:51.000 --> 00:46:52.000 SPEAKER_01: foundation for what these longer 00:46:52.000 --> 00:46:54.000 SPEAKER_01: term programs will be. 00:46:54.000 --> 00:46:56.000 Unknown: In addition, schools don't buy 00:46:56.000 --> 00:46:57.000 SPEAKER_01: buses because they're thinking 00:46:57.000 --> 00:46:59.000 SPEAKER_01: about, I want a V2G resource. 00:46:59.000 --> 00:47:01.000 SPEAKER_01: Schools are investing in buses 00:47:01.000 --> 00:47:03.000 SPEAKER_01: because they have an obligation 00:47:03.000 --> 00:47:05.000 SPEAKER_01: for student transportation. 00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:08.000 SPEAKER_01: They have time of use and energy 00:47:08.000 --> 00:47:10.000 SPEAKER_01: optimization considerations so 00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:11.000 SPEAKER_01: that they can lower their 00:47:11.000 --> 00:47:13.000 SPEAKER_01: overall costs, including 00:47:13.000 --> 00:47:14.000 SPEAKER_01: operation and maintenance of the 00:47:14.000 --> 00:47:15.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles. 00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:16.000 SPEAKER_01: They also have their own 00:47:16.000 --> 00:47:18.000 SPEAKER_01: environmental initiatives. 00:47:18.000 --> 00:47:19.000 SPEAKER_01: When a school bus is 00:47:19.000 --> 00:47:20.000 SPEAKER_01: electrified, it's not just the 00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:23.000 SPEAKER_01: community around that school that 00:47:23.000 --> 00:47:24.000 SPEAKER_01: benefits or the community that 00:47:24.000 --> 00:47:25.000 SPEAKER_01: that bus drives through. 00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:26.000 SPEAKER_01: It's the kids that are actually 00:47:26.000 --> 00:47:27.000 SPEAKER_01: driving on that bus that benefit 00:47:27.000 --> 00:47:29.000 SPEAKER_01: from that air quality. 00:47:29.000 --> 00:47:31.000 SPEAKER_01: And so it's in line with their 00:47:31.000 --> 00:47:34.000 SPEAKER_01: initiative, but those benefits 00:47:34.000 --> 00:47:36.000 SPEAKER_01: aren't necessarily tied to V2G. 00:47:36.000 --> 00:47:37.000 SPEAKER_01: They're tied to the electric bus. 00:47:37.000 --> 00:47:39.000 SPEAKER_01: For V2G, we need the whole 00:47:39.000 --> 00:47:40.000 SPEAKER_01: system. 00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:42.000 Unknown: On the smud side, we want these 00:47:42.000 --> 00:47:43.000 SPEAKER_01: solutions to provide grid 00:47:43.000 --> 00:47:44.000 SPEAKER_01: resiliency. 00:47:44.000 --> 00:47:45.000 SPEAKER_01: We want to be able to use them 00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:47.000 SPEAKER_01: for resource optimization, local 00:47:47.000 --> 00:47:48.000 SPEAKER_01: infrastructure support, and 00:47:48.000 --> 00:47:50.000 SPEAKER_01: bottom line, we want these to be 00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:51.000 SPEAKER_01: part of our overall 00:47:51.000 --> 00:47:52.000 SPEAKER_01: decarbonization initiative 00:47:52.000 --> 00:47:56.000 SPEAKER_01: and vision. 00:47:56.000 --> 00:47:57.000 Unknown: Jumping back a little bit to the 00:47:57.000 --> 00:47:58.000 SPEAKER_01: light duty side of the 00:47:58.000 --> 00:47:59.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation, we talked a little 00:47:59.000 --> 00:48:01.000 SPEAKER_01: bit about what a pilot might 00:48:01.000 --> 00:48:04.000 SPEAKER_01: look like and what a number of 00:48:04.000 --> 00:48:06.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles could look like. 00:48:06.000 --> 00:48:08.000 SPEAKER_01: On the screen here, we've got a 00:48:08.000 --> 00:48:09.000 SPEAKER_01: selection or a snapshot of a 00:48:09.000 --> 00:48:12.000 SPEAKER_01: hundred electric vehicles. 00:48:12.000 --> 00:48:14.000 SPEAKER_01: And in a simulated demand 00:48:14.000 --> 00:48:16.000 SPEAKER_01: response event, and so this was 00:48:16.000 --> 00:48:18.000 SPEAKER_01: using actual charging profiles 00:48:18.000 --> 00:48:20.000 SPEAKER_01: and vehicle models for this 00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:22.000 SPEAKER_01: simulation, and the demand 00:48:22.000 --> 00:48:23.000 SPEAKER_01: response event kind of looking 00:48:23.000 --> 00:48:25.000 SPEAKER_01: at our 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. on peak 00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:27.000 SPEAKER_01: window, what you'll see is a 00:48:27.000 --> 00:48:28.000 SPEAKER_01: hundred vehicles. 00:48:28.000 --> 00:48:30.000 SPEAKER_01: Of those hundred vehicles, the 00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:31.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles that are orange are 00:48:31.000 --> 00:48:33.000 SPEAKER_01: actively charging when this event 00:48:33.000 --> 00:48:34.000 SPEAKER_01: was called. 00:48:34.000 --> 00:48:36.000 SPEAKER_01: The vehicles that are blue are 00:48:36.000 --> 00:48:38.000 SPEAKER_01: plugged in but have finished 00:48:38.000 --> 00:48:39.000 SPEAKER_01: charging. 00:48:39.000 --> 00:48:41.000 Unknown: And then the vehicles in gray 00:48:41.000 --> 00:48:43.000 SPEAKER_01: are enrolled in a program but 00:48:43.000 --> 00:48:44.000 SPEAKER_01: not at home during those demand 00:48:44.000 --> 00:48:45.000 SPEAKER_01: response hours. 00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:46.000 SPEAKER_01: Maybe the event got called at 00:48:46.000 --> 00:48:48.000 SPEAKER_01: 5 o'clock and a significant 00:48:48.000 --> 00:48:49.000 SPEAKER_01: number of individuals are still 00:48:49.000 --> 00:48:52.000 SPEAKER_01: commuting home. 00:48:52.000 --> 00:48:54.000 Unknown: And so when we think about what 00:48:54.000 --> 00:48:56.000 SPEAKER_01: that means, those orange 00:48:56.000 --> 00:48:58.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles that are charging, if 00:48:58.000 --> 00:48:59.000 SPEAKER_01: we're just doing managed 00:48:59.000 --> 00:49:02.000 SPEAKER_01: charging, so car charging at 00:49:02.000 --> 00:49:04.000 SPEAKER_01: full power, managed charging can 00:49:04.000 --> 00:49:06.000 SPEAKER_01: turn that charger off or turn 00:49:06.000 --> 00:49:07.000 SPEAKER_01: that charger back on. 00:49:07.000 --> 00:49:08.000 SPEAKER_01: We can go all the way from 100 00:49:08.000 --> 00:49:10.000 SPEAKER_01: percent down to zero and back 00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:11.000 SPEAKER_01: up. 00:49:11.000 --> 00:49:13.000 Unknown: With a typical EV charger, that 00:49:13.000 --> 00:49:15.000 SPEAKER_01: means 7 kilowatts down to zero 00:49:15.000 --> 00:49:16.000 SPEAKER_01: or back up to 7. 00:49:16.000 --> 00:49:18.000 SPEAKER_01: We have 7 kilowatts of control. 00:49:18.000 --> 00:49:20.000 Unknown: From a grid export or a vehicle 00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:22.000 SPEAKER_01: to grid standpoint, we can go 00:49:22.000 --> 00:49:24.000 SPEAKER_01: from that 7 kilowatts down to 00:49:24.000 --> 00:49:25.000 SPEAKER_01: zero all the way down to 00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:26.000 SPEAKER_01: negative 7 kilowatts. 00:49:26.000 --> 00:49:28.000 SPEAKER_01: Now we have 14 kilowatts of 00:49:28.000 --> 00:49:29.000 SPEAKER_01: load flexibility. 00:49:29.000 --> 00:49:31.000 SPEAKER_01: We have twice the capacity from 00:49:31.000 --> 00:49:33.000 SPEAKER_01: that same vehicle because of 00:49:33.000 --> 00:49:34.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle to grid compared to 00:49:34.000 --> 00:49:37.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle, compared to V1G or just 00:49:37.000 --> 00:49:39.000 SPEAKER_01: managed charging. 00:49:39.000 --> 00:49:41.000 SPEAKER_01: Additionally, those blue cars 00:49:41.000 --> 00:49:43.000 SPEAKER_01: that you see, if we're talking 00:49:43.000 --> 00:49:44.000 SPEAKER_01: about a managed charging 00:49:44.000 --> 00:49:45.000 SPEAKER_01: solution, they're not consuming 00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:46.000 SPEAKER_01: 7 kilowatts. 00:49:46.000 --> 00:49:47.000 SPEAKER_01: They can't go from 7 down to 00:49:47.000 --> 00:49:48.000 SPEAKER_01: zero. 00:49:48.000 --> 00:49:49.000 SPEAKER_01: They're already at zero. 00:49:49.000 --> 00:49:50.000 SPEAKER_01: So we don't actually have any 00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:51.000 SPEAKER_01: new capacity or load 00:49:51.000 --> 00:49:52.000 SPEAKER_01: flexibility with those vehicles 00:49:52.000 --> 00:49:53.000 SPEAKER_01: if all that we're doing is 00:49:53.000 --> 00:49:54.000 SPEAKER_01: managed charging. 00:49:54.000 --> 00:49:57.000 SPEAKER_01: In a V2G scenario, a car that's 00:49:57.000 --> 00:49:59.000 SPEAKER_01: already at 100 percent charge is 00:49:59.000 --> 00:50:00.000 SPEAKER_01: a great resource because it 00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:02.000 SPEAKER_01: means that there's the maximum 00:50:02.000 --> 00:50:04.000 SPEAKER_01: amount of capacity for a 00:50:04.000 --> 00:50:05.000 SPEAKER_01: discharge to support that 00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:06.000 SPEAKER_01: event, and we can still provide 00:50:06.000 --> 00:50:08.000 SPEAKER_01: that full 7 kilowatts of 00:50:08.000 --> 00:50:09.000 SPEAKER_01: support. 00:50:09.000 --> 00:50:11.000 SPEAKER_01: And then the gray vehicles are 00:50:11.000 --> 00:50:12.000 SPEAKER_01: not enrolled, so it's no 00:50:12.000 --> 00:50:14.000 SPEAKER_01: participation in either scenario. 00:50:14.000 --> 00:50:16.000 SPEAKER_01: So along the bottom here, and 00:50:16.000 --> 00:50:17.000 SPEAKER_01: the engineer in me is very 00:50:17.000 --> 00:50:18.000 SPEAKER_01: pleased with the fact that 00:50:18.000 --> 00:50:19.000 SPEAKER_01: there's math on the slide. 00:50:19.000 --> 00:50:20.000 SPEAKER_01: I apologize. 00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.000 SPEAKER_01: If we look at a selection of 00:50:24.000 --> 00:50:25.000 SPEAKER_01: five of these vehicles where 00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:27.000 SPEAKER_01: one of them is charging, one of 00:50:27.000 --> 00:50:28.000 SPEAKER_01: them is fully charged, and three 00:50:28.000 --> 00:50:31.000 SPEAKER_01: of them aren't home yet, if we 00:50:31.000 --> 00:50:33.000 SPEAKER_01: have a V1G or a managed 00:50:33.000 --> 00:50:35.000 SPEAKER_01: charging solution, we're going 00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:36.000 SPEAKER_01: to be able to create 1.4 00:50:36.000 --> 00:50:37.000 SPEAKER_01: kilowatts of load flexibility 00:50:37.000 --> 00:50:39.000 SPEAKER_01: per electric vehicle. 00:50:39.000 --> 00:50:40.000 SPEAKER_01: When we're thinking about that 00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:43.000 Unknown: in terms of vehicle to grid and 00:50:43.000 --> 00:50:44.000 SPEAKER_01: the ability to export and 00:50:44.000 --> 00:50:47.000 SPEAKER_01: discharge that battery actively, 00:50:47.000 --> 00:50:49.000 SPEAKER_01: we're able to get 4.2 kilowatts 00:50:49.000 --> 00:50:51.000 SPEAKER_01: per electric vehicle, about three 00:50:51.000 --> 00:50:53.000 SPEAKER_01: times the impact because we have 00:50:53.000 --> 00:50:55.000 SPEAKER_01: that bidirectional capability. 00:50:55.000 --> 00:50:57.000 SPEAKER_01: Now, in order to have that 00:50:57.000 --> 00:50:59.000 SPEAKER_01: bidirectional capability, we have 00:50:59.000 --> 00:51:00.000 SPEAKER_01: to have the right charger. 00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:01.000 SPEAKER_01: We have to have the 00:51:01.000 --> 00:51:02.000 SPEAKER_01: communications. 00:51:02.000 --> 00:51:03.000 SPEAKER_01: We have to have the vehicle 00:51:03.000 --> 00:51:04.000 SPEAKER_01: that's capable of doing it. 00:51:04.000 --> 00:51:06.000 SPEAKER_01: It's not a hard-working 00:51:06.000 --> 00:51:07.000 SPEAKER_01: thing. 00:51:07.000 --> 00:51:09.000 SPEAKER_01: It's not a all-the-vehicles-turn-on-in-can-do-that-tomorrow. 00:51:09.000 --> 00:51:11.000 SPEAKER_01: The exciting thing for me in this 00:51:11.000 --> 00:51:13.000 SPEAKER_01: particular chart is that it 00:51:13.000 --> 00:51:15.000 SPEAKER_01: represents the power of large 00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:16.000 SPEAKER_01: numbers and the power of a fleet. 00:51:16.000 --> 00:51:19.000 SPEAKER_01: And when we talk about 1.2 million 00:51:19.000 --> 00:51:21.000 SPEAKER_01: light-duty electric vehicles, it 00:51:21.000 --> 00:51:23.000 SPEAKER_01: speaks to the importance of the 00:51:23.000 --> 00:51:24.000 SPEAKER_01: work that we're doing in our 00:51:24.000 --> 00:51:26.000 SPEAKER_01: managed charging programs today 00:51:26.000 --> 00:51:27.000 SPEAKER_01: and the pilots that we have 00:51:27.000 --> 00:51:28.000 SPEAKER_01: running. 00:51:28.000 --> 00:51:29.000 SPEAKER_01: It speaks to the importance of 00:51:29.000 --> 00:51:30.000 SPEAKER_01: building the proper foundation 00:51:30.000 --> 00:51:32.000 SPEAKER_01: for vehicle to grid technology, 00:51:32.000 --> 00:51:33.000 SPEAKER_01: and it speaks to the importance 00:51:33.000 --> 00:51:35.000 SPEAKER_01: of having a solution that 00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:37.000 SPEAKER_01: enables all of these types of 00:51:37.000 --> 00:51:38.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles and charging structures 00:51:38.000 --> 00:51:39.000 SPEAKER_01: to contribute to the overall 00:51:39.000 --> 00:51:41.000 SPEAKER_01: mission in a reliable way that 00:51:41.000 --> 00:51:43.000 SPEAKER_01: translates to meaningful grid 00:51:43.000 --> 00:51:45.000 SPEAKER_01: value and helps us maintain 00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:46.000 SPEAKER_01: affordability as we 00:51:46.000 --> 00:51:48.000 SPEAKER_01: decarbonize the region and the 00:51:48.000 --> 00:51:49.000 SPEAKER_01: community. 00:51:49.000 --> 00:51:51.000 Unknown: Bottom line, the electric 00:51:51.000 --> 00:51:52.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicles, the charger, the 00:51:52.000 --> 00:51:54.000 SPEAKER_01: pathways all have to be there, 00:51:54.000 --> 00:51:56.000 SPEAKER_01: and the alignment of how these 00:51:56.000 --> 00:51:57.000 SPEAKER_01: systems are being used has to 00:51:57.000 --> 00:52:00.000 SPEAKER_01: be in place. 00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:03.000 SPEAKER_01: Today, we've been looking at 00:52:03.000 --> 00:52:06.000 SPEAKER_01: research and working with OEMs 00:52:06.000 --> 00:52:07.000 SPEAKER_01: and doing device-level 00:52:07.000 --> 00:52:08.000 SPEAKER_01: evaluations. 00:52:08.000 --> 00:52:10.000 SPEAKER_01: We've done bidirectional 00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:11.000 SPEAKER_01: charging pilots in our parking 00:52:11.000 --> 00:52:13.000 SPEAKER_01: lot here at our headquarter 00:52:13.000 --> 00:52:14.000 SPEAKER_01: facility. 00:52:14.000 --> 00:52:15.000 SPEAKER_01: We've worked with the local 00:52:15.000 --> 00:52:16.000 SPEAKER_01: school districts on modeling 00:52:16.000 --> 00:52:18.000 SPEAKER_01: their vehicle to grid and managed 00:52:18.000 --> 00:52:19.000 SPEAKER_01: charging programs. 00:52:19.000 --> 00:52:21.000 SPEAKER_01: As we look forward, we are 00:52:21.000 --> 00:52:23.000 SPEAKER_01: identifying and expanding our 00:52:23.000 --> 00:52:25.000 SPEAKER_01: field-testing opportunities. 00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:26.000 SPEAKER_01: We're looking at small-scale 00:52:26.000 --> 00:52:28.000 SPEAKER_01: school bus demonstrations. 00:52:28.000 --> 00:52:30.000 SPEAKER_01: I say small-scale here because 00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:32.000 SPEAKER_01: it's really important that we get 00:52:32.000 --> 00:52:33.000 SPEAKER_01: our understanding of the 00:52:33.000 --> 00:52:34.000 SPEAKER_01: technology right, our 00:52:34.000 --> 00:52:36.000 SPEAKER_01: incentives aligned, and our 00:52:36.000 --> 00:52:38.000 SPEAKER_01: strategy is correct before we 00:52:38.000 --> 00:52:39.000 SPEAKER_01: send an investment signal to the 00:52:39.000 --> 00:52:42.000 SPEAKER_01: schools to lean into a particular 00:52:42.000 --> 00:52:43.000 SPEAKER_01: piece of technology through 00:52:43.000 --> 00:52:45.000 SPEAKER_01: incentives. 00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:46.000 SPEAKER_01: We want to make sure that the 00:52:46.000 --> 00:52:47.000 SPEAKER_01: investments that are being made 00:52:47.000 --> 00:52:48.000 SPEAKER_01: in this space are durable and 00:52:48.000 --> 00:52:50.000 SPEAKER_01: create long-term value. 00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:51.000 SPEAKER_01: And then as we move out past 00:52:51.000 --> 00:52:53.000 SPEAKER_01: this 2028 horizon, we're excited 00:52:53.000 --> 00:52:55.000 SPEAKER_01: to look towards these scaled 00:52:55.000 --> 00:52:56.000 SPEAKER_01: pilots. 00:52:56.000 --> 00:52:58.000 SPEAKER_01: We're excited to look towards 00:52:58.000 --> 00:52:59.000 SPEAKER_01: full program development and 00:52:59.000 --> 00:53:00.000 SPEAKER_01: really unleashing the value that 00:53:01.000 --> 00:53:02.000 SPEAKER_01: we see in that capacity chart, 00:53:02.000 --> 00:53:04.000 SPEAKER_01: but doing that in a way that is 00:53:04.000 --> 00:53:05.000 SPEAKER_01: built on proven technology and 00:53:05.000 --> 00:53:07.000 SPEAKER_01: highly reliable solutions. 00:53:07.000 --> 00:53:09.000 SPEAKER_01: And that's where I'm excited to 00:53:09.000 --> 00:53:11.000 SPEAKER_01: see this technology go and grow. 00:53:17.000 --> 00:53:18.000 Unknown: Wonderful. 00:53:18.000 --> 00:53:20.000 SPEAKER_06: Does anybody have any questions 00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:21.000 SPEAKER_06: for James? 00:53:21.000 --> 00:53:23.000 SPEAKER_06: Yes, go right in. 00:53:23.000 --> 00:53:27.000 Unknown: So looking at this chart, would 00:53:27.000 --> 00:53:31.000 SPEAKER_08: it be safe to say that everything 00:53:31.000 --> 00:53:36.000 SPEAKER_08: is going to be lined up by 2029, 00:53:36.000 --> 00:53:38.000 Unknown: that we'll be doing this here in 00:53:38.000 --> 00:53:40.000 SPEAKER_08: SMUD's territory? 00:53:40.000 --> 00:53:42.000 SPEAKER_01: That's in line with my 00:53:42.000 --> 00:53:43.000 SPEAKER_01: expectation. 00:53:43.000 --> 00:53:45.000 SPEAKER_01: However, I do want to caveat 00:53:45.000 --> 00:53:47.000 SPEAKER_01: that with the industry and 00:53:47.000 --> 00:53:48.000 SPEAKER_01: especially the automotive 00:53:48.000 --> 00:53:51.000 SPEAKER_01: industry is largely influenced by 00:53:51.000 --> 00:53:53.000 SPEAKER_01: federal policy and state policy, 00:53:53.000 --> 00:53:55.000 SPEAKER_01: and so there's a lot of things 00:53:55.000 --> 00:53:57.000 SPEAKER_01: that have to happen to make this 00:53:57.000 --> 00:53:59.000 SPEAKER_01: work, and a lot of those things 00:53:59.000 --> 00:54:00.000 SPEAKER_01: are larger than our ability to 00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:03.000 SPEAKER_01: directly influence, acknowledging 00:54:03.000 --> 00:54:04.000 SPEAKER_01: that we do swing outside our 00:54:04.000 --> 00:54:05.000 SPEAKER_01: weight class on a lot of these 00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:07.000 SPEAKER_01: topics and that we fiercely 00:54:07.000 --> 00:54:08.000 SPEAKER_01: advocate for the things that we 00:54:08.000 --> 00:54:09.000 SPEAKER_01: think create the value that we're 00:54:09.000 --> 00:54:11.000 SPEAKER_01: looking for. 00:54:11.000 --> 00:54:13.000 SPEAKER_08: Well, I just want to say thank 00:54:13.000 --> 00:54:14.000 SPEAKER_08: you for a very interesting 00:54:14.000 --> 00:54:16.000 SPEAKER_08: presentation. 00:54:18.000 --> 00:54:19.000 Unknown: Anybody else? 00:54:19.000 --> 00:54:20.000 SPEAKER_08: Sure. 00:54:20.000 --> 00:54:22.000 Unknown: James, come. 00:54:22.000 --> 00:54:23.000 SPEAKER_02: No, you're not going to get 00:54:23.000 --> 00:54:24.000 SPEAKER_02: away. 00:54:24.000 --> 00:54:26.000 SPEAKER_02: You have to talk in the 00:54:26.000 --> 00:54:27.000 SPEAKER_06: microphone. 00:54:27.000 --> 00:54:32.000 SPEAKER_06: A couple of thoughts and things. 00:54:32.000 --> 00:54:37.000 SPEAKER_02: One, I would encourage staff to 00:54:37.000 --> 00:54:39.000 SPEAKER_02: explore the aspects of behavioral 00:54:39.000 --> 00:54:42.000 SPEAKER_02: psychology and being creative 00:54:42.000 --> 00:54:43.000 SPEAKER_02: with these programs. 00:54:43.000 --> 00:54:45.000 SPEAKER_02: We're saying, okay, we're going 00:54:45.000 --> 00:54:47.000 SPEAKER_02: to give them the XX cents per 00:54:47.000 --> 00:54:50.000 SPEAKER_02: kilowatt hour that they are in. 00:54:50.000 --> 00:54:51.000 SPEAKER_02: I think you had a demand charge 00:54:51.000 --> 00:54:53.000 SPEAKER_02: you're making it complicated, 00:54:53.000 --> 00:54:54.000 SPEAKER_02: right? 00:54:54.000 --> 00:54:55.000 SPEAKER_02: Or you can say, okay, we're 00:54:55.000 --> 00:54:57.000 SPEAKER_02: going to give you X number of 00:54:57.000 --> 00:54:59.000 SPEAKER_02: tokens and for every time your 00:54:59.000 --> 00:55:02.000 SPEAKER_02: cart is plugged in during the 00:55:02.000 --> 00:55:03.000 SPEAKER_02: summer months. 00:55:03.000 --> 00:55:05.000 SPEAKER_02: We may not pull it whatsoever, 00:55:05.000 --> 00:55:06.000 SPEAKER_02: but we're going to give you 00:55:06.000 --> 00:55:07.000 SPEAKER_02: something. 00:55:07.000 --> 00:55:08.000 SPEAKER_02: When it's plugged in and you 00:55:08.000 --> 00:55:10.000 SPEAKER_02: have pick your poison, 70% 00:55:10.000 --> 00:55:13.000 SPEAKER_02: charge already on it, right? 00:55:13.000 --> 00:55:16.000 SPEAKER_02: And then you can exchange it for, 00:55:16.000 --> 00:55:17.000 SPEAKER_02: okay, I'm going to pay for my 00:55:17.000 --> 00:55:19.000 SPEAKER_02: green energy this month or maybe 00:55:19.000 --> 00:55:20.000 SPEAKER_02: we'll give them something for 00:55:20.000 --> 00:55:21.000 SPEAKER_02: the energy store or even 00:55:21.000 --> 00:55:23.000 SPEAKER_02: something that's, you know, 00:55:23.000 --> 00:55:24.000 SPEAKER_02: smaller, we're going to give you 00:55:24.000 --> 00:55:26.000 SPEAKER_02: a special sticker when you get 00:55:26.000 --> 00:55:27.000 SPEAKER_02: up to a number. 00:55:27.000 --> 00:55:29.000 SPEAKER_02: There's all kinds of creative 00:55:29.000 --> 00:55:30.000 SPEAKER_02: ideas. 00:55:30.000 --> 00:55:33.000 SPEAKER_02: Humans don't necessarily value 00:55:33.000 --> 00:55:35.000 SPEAKER_02: the dollar in the same way. 00:55:35.000 --> 00:55:37.000 SPEAKER_02: When you look at that behavior, 00:55:37.000 --> 00:55:38.000 SPEAKER_02: it's just, anyway, I'm sort of 00:55:38.000 --> 00:55:39.000 SPEAKER_02: manual, but something to think 00:55:39.000 --> 00:55:41.000 SPEAKER_02: about as you're developing 00:55:41.000 --> 00:55:43.000 SPEAKER_02: programs is how to gamify it. 00:55:43.000 --> 00:55:45.000 SPEAKER_02: And the classic restaurant 00:55:45.000 --> 00:55:46.000 SPEAKER_02: example, right, that we've talked 00:55:46.000 --> 00:55:48.000 SPEAKER_02: about in the past and giving, 00:55:48.000 --> 00:55:50.000 SPEAKER_02: do you want to roll the dice 00:55:50.000 --> 00:55:52.000 SPEAKER_02: for a free meal or do you want 00:55:52.000 --> 00:55:54.000 SPEAKER_02: a 15% discount off your meal, 00:55:54.000 --> 00:55:55.000 SPEAKER_02: you know, and economically end 00:55:55.000 --> 00:55:57.000 SPEAKER_02: at the same place, but it's a 00:55:57.000 --> 00:55:58.000 SPEAKER_02: much different behavioral 00:55:58.000 --> 00:55:59.000 SPEAKER_02: psychology. 00:55:59.000 --> 00:56:00.000 SPEAKER_02: One of the things that didn't 00:56:00.000 --> 00:56:01.000 SPEAKER_02: get a real clear view on, so 00:56:01.000 --> 00:56:03.000 SPEAKER_02: here's a real question, but one 00:56:03.000 --> 00:56:04.000 SPEAKER_02: thing I didn't hear real 00:56:04.000 --> 00:56:06.000 SPEAKER_02: clearly tonight, though, is like 00:56:06.000 --> 00:56:07.000 Unknown: it sounds like we have, we've 00:56:07.000 --> 00:56:10.000 SPEAKER_02: done some pilots at SMUT on 00:56:10.000 --> 00:56:12.000 SPEAKER_02: actual back feeding into our 00:56:12.000 --> 00:56:14.000 SPEAKER_02: grid, right? 00:56:14.000 --> 00:56:15.000 SPEAKER_02: And so for me, I think the 00:56:15.000 --> 00:56:17.000 SPEAKER_02: biggest question is like, have 00:56:17.000 --> 00:56:19.000 SPEAKER_02: we fully integrated through a 00:56:19.000 --> 00:56:21.000 SPEAKER_02: communications protocol, and I 00:56:21.000 --> 00:56:22.000 SPEAKER_02: know there's a whole slew of 00:56:22.000 --> 00:56:25.000 SPEAKER_02: different protocols out there to 00:56:25.000 --> 00:56:27.000 SPEAKER_02: enable it, like to actually hook 00:56:27.000 --> 00:56:29.000 SPEAKER_02: into our Derm system, right? 00:56:29.000 --> 00:56:33.000 SPEAKER_02: And so when these capable 00:56:33.000 --> 00:56:35.000 SPEAKER_02: chargers, which it seems that 00:56:35.000 --> 00:56:36.000 SPEAKER_02: there are some, but it's still 00:56:36.000 --> 00:56:37.000 SPEAKER_02: really not clear how many 00:56:37.000 --> 00:56:40.000 SPEAKER_02: there really are, are these 00:56:40.000 --> 00:56:43.000 SPEAKER_02: chargers going to have to go 00:56:43.000 --> 00:56:44.000 SPEAKER_02: through a grid interconnection 00:56:44.000 --> 00:56:46.000 SPEAKER_02: process, right, or some rule to 00:56:46.000 --> 00:56:47.000 SPEAKER_02: 21 process, are they more like 00:56:47.000 --> 00:56:50.000 SPEAKER_02: a solar inverter? 00:56:50.000 --> 00:56:51.000 SPEAKER_02: And so this is what I think is 00:56:51.000 --> 00:56:53.000 SPEAKER_02: an aspect, and we really thought 00:56:53.000 --> 00:56:54.000 SPEAKER_02: that through at this point and 00:56:54.000 --> 00:56:56.000 SPEAKER_02: piloted, like, or have we piloted 00:56:56.000 --> 00:56:57.000 SPEAKER_02: it yet, right? 00:56:57.000 --> 00:56:58.000 SPEAKER_02: So working with our 00:56:58.000 --> 00:56:59.000 Unknown: interconnection process was 00:56:59.000 --> 00:57:01.000 SPEAKER_01: actually a huge component and one 00:57:01.000 --> 00:57:03.000 SPEAKER_01: of the value add efforts 00:57:03.000 --> 00:57:04.000 SPEAKER_01: associated with our Twin Rivers 00:57:04.000 --> 00:57:08.000 SPEAKER_01: V2G bus pilot, and so we are 00:57:08.000 --> 00:57:09.000 SPEAKER_01: working with our interconnection 00:57:09.000 --> 00:57:13.000 SPEAKER_01: process to accommodate processes 00:57:13.000 --> 00:57:14.000 SPEAKER_01: and procedures for how we bring 00:57:14.000 --> 00:57:16.000 SPEAKER_01: these devices online. 00:57:16.000 --> 00:57:17.000 SPEAKER_01: So the answer to that is yes. 00:57:17.000 --> 00:57:18.000 SPEAKER_01: The pilot that we did in our 00:57:18.000 --> 00:57:19.000 SPEAKER_01: parking lot here was actually 00:57:19.000 --> 00:57:21.000 SPEAKER_01: done, we were one of the first 00:57:21.000 --> 00:57:23.000 SPEAKER_01: to do this type of pilot, it was 00:57:23.000 --> 00:57:25.000 SPEAKER_01: done with a Chadmo charge 00:57:25.000 --> 00:57:26.000 SPEAKER_01: connector, so the previous 00:57:26.000 --> 00:57:27.000 SPEAKER_01: generation, it was one of the 00:57:27.000 --> 00:57:29.000 SPEAKER_01: earliest that was actually fully 00:57:29.000 --> 00:57:30.000 SPEAKER_01: provisioned for bi-directional. 00:57:30.000 --> 00:57:32.000 SPEAKER_01: We used a number of the Nissan 00:57:32.000 --> 00:57:33.000 SPEAKER_01: Leafs in our existing fleet to 00:57:33.000 --> 00:57:35.000 SPEAKER_01: support that pilot. 00:57:35.000 --> 00:57:38.000 SPEAKER_01: Chadmo is no longer a widely 00:57:38.000 --> 00:57:41.000 SPEAKER_01: available standard bi-automotive 00:57:41.000 --> 00:57:43.000 SPEAKER_01: OEMs or chargers, so we were 00:57:43.000 --> 00:57:45.000 SPEAKER_01: not one to one, but it did 00:57:45.000 --> 00:57:47.000 SPEAKER_01: provide us the opportunity to do 00:57:47.000 --> 00:57:48.000 SPEAKER_01: that modeling, understand the 00:57:48.000 --> 00:57:49.000 SPEAKER_01: impact on the electric vehicle 00:57:49.000 --> 00:57:50.000 SPEAKER_01: state of charge. 00:57:50.000 --> 00:57:52.000 SPEAKER_01: But it was because it was with 00:57:52.000 --> 00:57:53.000 SPEAKER_01: that previous generation of 00:57:53.000 --> 00:57:54.000 SPEAKER_01: technology that we were able to 00:57:54.000 --> 00:57:55.000 SPEAKER_01: do that so early and get those 00:57:55.000 --> 00:57:57.000 SPEAKER_01: learnings and our initiative 00:57:57.000 --> 00:57:58.000 SPEAKER_01: started so early. 00:57:58.000 --> 00:58:04.000 SPEAKER_01: I guess what's sort of what 00:58:04.000 --> 00:58:08.000 SPEAKER_02: we're actually going to see, I 00:58:08.000 --> 00:58:10.000 Unknown: was just doing a deep dive into 00:58:10.000 --> 00:58:12.000 SPEAKER_02: balcony, some balcony solar 00:58:12.000 --> 00:58:14.000 SPEAKER_02: policy, and it's the same, some 00:58:14.000 --> 00:58:15.000 SPEAKER_02: basic ideas that we're letting 00:58:15.000 --> 00:58:17.000 SPEAKER_02: people plug into a socket in 00:58:17.000 --> 00:58:19.000 SPEAKER_02: their wall, and the UL working 00:58:19.000 --> 00:58:21.000 SPEAKER_02: group put out a report in the 00:58:21.000 --> 00:58:23.000 SPEAKER_02: video very recently, sort of 00:58:23.000 --> 00:58:24.000 SPEAKER_02: running through a whole slew of 00:58:24.000 --> 00:58:25.000 SPEAKER_02: problems. 00:58:25.000 --> 00:58:27.000 SPEAKER_02: So I think it still comes back 00:58:27.000 --> 00:58:31.000 SPEAKER_02: to how do you interconnect 00:58:31.000 --> 00:58:33.000 Unknown: economically and as efficiently 00:58:33.000 --> 00:58:34.000 SPEAKER_02: as possible, right? 00:58:34.000 --> 00:58:36.000 SPEAKER_02: You probably don't have the 00:58:36.000 --> 00:58:37.000 SPEAKER_02: luxury of spending several 00:58:37.000 --> 00:58:39.000 SPEAKER_02: thousand dollars for each house 00:58:39.000 --> 00:58:42.000 SPEAKER_02: that you get VGI ready. 00:58:42.000 --> 00:58:44.000 SPEAKER_02: But it would be interesting, 00:58:44.000 --> 00:58:45.000 SPEAKER_02: you guys can go play with the 00:58:45.000 --> 00:58:47.000 SPEAKER_02: numbers and then do that homework, 00:58:47.000 --> 00:58:48.000 SPEAKER_02: too. 00:58:48.000 --> 00:58:50.000 SPEAKER_02: And similarly to the way that we 00:58:50.000 --> 00:58:52.000 SPEAKER_01: manage solar inverters, the 00:58:52.000 --> 00:58:55.000 SPEAKER_01: direction from the CEC and the 00:58:55.000 --> 00:58:57.000 SPEAKER_01: direction from the state more 00:58:57.000 --> 00:58:58.000 SPEAKER_01: largely on the topic is going to 00:58:58.000 --> 00:59:00.000 SPEAKER_01: be a key contributor to how we 00:59:00.000 --> 00:59:02.000 SPEAKER_01: manage those processes. 00:59:02.000 --> 00:59:04.000 SPEAKER_01: It's not the type of problem or 00:59:04.000 --> 00:59:06.000 SPEAKER_01: technology that we're going to be 00:59:06.000 --> 00:59:08.000 SPEAKER_01: able to kind of independently move 00:59:08.000 --> 00:59:09.000 SPEAKER_01: forward. 00:59:09.000 --> 00:59:10.000 SPEAKER_01: It needs to be part of the 00:59:10.000 --> 00:59:14.000 SPEAKER_01: larger industry coalition. 00:59:14.000 --> 00:59:18.000 Unknown: Thank you. 00:59:18.000 --> 00:59:20.000 SPEAKER_03: So I see that there is interest 00:59:20.000 --> 00:59:23.000 SPEAKER_03: in movement actually from the 00:59:23.000 --> 00:59:26.000 SPEAKER_03: auto manufacturers in being able 00:59:26.000 --> 00:59:28.000 SPEAKER_03: to provide this type of 00:59:28.000 --> 00:59:30.000 SPEAKER_03: technology, but I also hear that 00:59:30.000 --> 00:59:32.000 SPEAKER_03: there's reluctance on their part 00:59:32.000 --> 00:59:35.000 SPEAKER_03: because of the, you know, it sort 00:59:35.000 --> 00:59:37.000 SPEAKER_03: of changes what they're selling 00:59:37.000 --> 00:59:40.000 SPEAKER_03: and that hasn't been overcome 00:59:40.000 --> 00:59:41.000 SPEAKER_03: yet. 00:59:41.000 --> 00:59:43.000 SPEAKER_03: My understanding is that there's 00:59:43.000 --> 00:59:45.000 SPEAKER_03: still a lot of reluctance to 00:59:45.000 --> 00:59:47.000 SPEAKER_03: fully move in that direction 00:59:47.000 --> 00:59:50.000 SPEAKER_03: because of the concerns about how 00:59:50.000 --> 00:59:52.000 SPEAKER_03: does this affect our warranty and 00:59:52.000 --> 00:59:56.000 SPEAKER_03: the lifetime of the lifespan of 00:59:56.000 --> 00:59:58.000 SPEAKER_03: the car and all that. 00:59:58.000 --> 01:00:01.000 SPEAKER_03: So could you talk about that? 01:00:01.000 --> 01:00:03.000 SPEAKER_01: So the warranty is definitely a 01:00:03.000 --> 01:00:05.000 SPEAKER_01: significant barrier, especially 01:00:05.000 --> 01:00:06.000 SPEAKER_01: as the different automotive OEMs 01:00:06.000 --> 01:00:08.000 SPEAKER_01: have different confidence in 01:00:08.000 --> 01:00:09.000 SPEAKER_01: their battery systems. 01:00:09.000 --> 01:00:11.000 SPEAKER_01: Just speaking a little bit from 01:00:11.000 --> 01:00:13.000 SPEAKER_01: personal experience, my first 01:00:13.000 --> 01:00:14.000 SPEAKER_01: electric vehicle was a Nissan 01:00:14.000 --> 01:00:16.000 SPEAKER_01: Leaf and I think when I traded it 01:00:16.000 --> 01:00:18.000 SPEAKER_01: in it had about 24 miles of range 01:00:18.000 --> 01:00:19.000 SPEAKER_01: on it. 01:00:19.000 --> 01:00:21.000 SPEAKER_01: More recently now I drive a truck 01:00:21.000 --> 01:00:24.000 SPEAKER_01: and I think over 40,000 miles it 01:00:24.000 --> 01:00:26.000 SPEAKER_01: still charges to the same range 01:00:26.000 --> 01:00:28.000 SPEAKER_01: that it did the day that I bought 01:00:28.000 --> 01:00:30.000 SPEAKER_01: it and I'm over the moon about it. 01:00:30.000 --> 01:00:32.000 SPEAKER_01: And so I think that the quality 01:00:32.000 --> 01:00:34.000 SPEAKER_01: of battery and the degradation 01:00:34.000 --> 01:00:36.000 SPEAKER_01: that happens is going to vary by 01:00:36.000 --> 01:00:38.000 SPEAKER_01: OEM and that's going to influence 01:00:38.000 --> 01:00:39.000 SPEAKER_01: this warranty conversation. 01:00:39.000 --> 01:00:41.000 SPEAKER_01: I also think that when we're 01:00:41.000 --> 01:00:43.000 SPEAKER_01: talking about the dollars and the 01:00:43.000 --> 01:00:44.000 SPEAKER_01: scale of the conversation that we 01:00:44.000 --> 01:00:46.000 SPEAKER_01: saw and the billions of dollars 01:00:46.000 --> 01:00:49.000 SPEAKER_01: that are in the dialogue here, 01:00:49.000 --> 01:00:50.000 SPEAKER_01: that a big part of the 01:00:50.000 --> 01:00:52.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation is also who's getting 01:00:52.000 --> 01:00:53.000 SPEAKER_01: paid for these services. 01:00:53.000 --> 01:00:55.000 SPEAKER_01: Are these dollars that the 01:00:55.000 --> 01:00:57.000 SPEAKER_01: utility is paying and if the 01:00:57.000 --> 01:00:58.000 SPEAKER_01: utility is paying them, are we 01:00:58.000 --> 01:01:00.000 SPEAKER_01: paying them to the end customer 01:01:00.000 --> 01:01:01.000 SPEAKER_01: that owns the car in the garage? 01:01:01.000 --> 01:01:03.000 SPEAKER_01: Are we paying it to the aggregator 01:01:03.000 --> 01:01:05.000 SPEAKER_01: that owns the car in the garage? 01:01:05.000 --> 01:01:06.000 SPEAKER_01: Are we paying the dispatch 01:01:06.000 --> 01:01:07.000 SPEAKER_01: services? 01:01:07.000 --> 01:01:08.000 SPEAKER_01: Are we paying it to the 01:01:08.000 --> 01:01:10.000 SPEAKER_01: automotive OEM because their 01:01:10.000 --> 01:01:11.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle is enabling this service? 01:01:11.000 --> 01:01:13.000 SPEAKER_01: Are we paying it to the EVSE, 01:01:13.000 --> 01:01:14.000 SPEAKER_01: charge equipment manufacturer, 01:01:14.000 --> 01:01:16.000 SPEAKER_01: because their technology is the 01:01:16.000 --> 01:01:17.000 SPEAKER_01: actual point of interconnection to 01:01:17.000 --> 01:01:18.000 SPEAKER_01: the grid. 01:01:18.000 --> 01:01:20.000 SPEAKER_01: And so it's not clear what that 01:01:20.000 --> 01:01:22.000 SPEAKER_01: overall business model is for the 01:01:22.000 --> 01:01:24.000 SPEAKER_01: industry yet and who gets paid is 01:01:24.000 --> 01:01:26.000 SPEAKER_01: a question that needs to be 01:01:26.000 --> 01:01:29.000 SPEAKER_01: answered and needs to be supported 01:01:29.000 --> 01:01:30.000 SPEAKER_01: and provide positive business 01:01:30.000 --> 01:01:32.000 SPEAKER_01: models for everyone involved, 01:01:32.000 --> 01:01:33.000 SPEAKER_01: and the customer. 01:01:33.000 --> 01:01:35.000 SPEAKER_01: And so that's a big open 01:01:35.000 --> 01:01:37.000 SPEAKER_01: question that a lot of the early 01:01:37.000 --> 01:01:39.000 SPEAKER_01: pilots and the work that we saw 01:01:39.000 --> 01:01:40.000 SPEAKER_01: these large incentives going out 01:01:40.000 --> 01:01:42.000 SPEAKER_01: for are really looking to try and 01:01:42.000 --> 01:01:43.000 SPEAKER_01: answer is how do we make sure 01:01:43.000 --> 01:01:45.000 SPEAKER_01: that we're creating a solution 01:01:45.000 --> 01:01:47.000 SPEAKER_01: that is not just sustainable for 01:01:47.000 --> 01:01:49.000 SPEAKER_01: the businesses because we have to 01:01:49.000 --> 01:01:51.000 SPEAKER_01: have reliable technology but 01:01:51.000 --> 01:01:53.000 SPEAKER_01: improves affordability for the 01:01:53.000 --> 01:01:55.000 SPEAKER_01: participating customers and just 01:01:55.000 --> 01:01:56.000 SPEAKER_01: as important improves 01:01:56.000 --> 01:02:01.000 SPEAKER_01: affordability for all customers. 01:02:01.000 --> 01:02:03.000 Unknown: James, maybe this is a question 01:02:03.000 --> 01:02:05.000 SPEAKER_04: for our previous presenter. 01:02:05.000 --> 01:02:06.000 SPEAKER_04: I'm not sure. 01:02:06.000 --> 01:02:08.000 Unknown: Where is state policy on this? 01:02:08.000 --> 01:02:09.000 SPEAKER_04: We know the federal government is 01:02:09.000 --> 01:02:11.000 SPEAKER_04: not going to be helpful on this 01:02:11.000 --> 01:02:13.000 SPEAKER_04: for at least a few more years. 01:02:13.000 --> 01:02:15.000 SPEAKER_04: Does state policy get this? 01:02:15.000 --> 01:02:17.000 SPEAKER_04: Are they actively doing things to 01:02:17.000 --> 01:02:20.000 SPEAKER_04: make vehicle to grid integration 01:02:20.000 --> 01:02:22.000 SPEAKER_04: easier, better, faster, smarter, 01:02:22.000 --> 01:02:24.000 SPEAKER_04: or are they just kind of 01:02:24.000 --> 01:02:26.000 SPEAKER_04: agnostic about it? 01:02:26.000 --> 01:02:27.000 SPEAKER_04: What's the situation? 01:02:27.000 --> 01:02:29.000 SPEAKER_04: They are very much on board with 01:02:29.000 --> 01:02:30.000 SPEAKER_01: this and supportive. 01:02:30.000 --> 01:02:32.000 SPEAKER_01: The recent study by the CEC 01:02:32.000 --> 01:02:35.000 SPEAKER_01: identified massive potential and 01:02:35.000 --> 01:02:36.000 SPEAKER_01: strong support for the 01:02:36.000 --> 01:02:37.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation. 01:02:37.000 --> 01:02:39.000 SPEAKER_01: They are also doing a lot of work 01:02:39.000 --> 01:02:42.000 SPEAKER_01: on identifying qualified and 01:02:42.000 --> 01:02:43.000 SPEAKER_01: approved bidirectional EV 01:02:43.000 --> 01:02:45.000 SPEAKER_01: chargers and following similar 01:02:45.000 --> 01:02:46.000 SPEAKER_01: processes to what they do for 01:02:46.000 --> 01:02:47.000 SPEAKER_01: their solar interconnection 01:02:47.000 --> 01:02:48.000 SPEAKER_01: process. 01:02:48.000 --> 01:02:51.000 SPEAKER_01: So I would say that the state and 01:02:51.000 --> 01:02:52.000 SPEAKER_01: state policy is in strong 01:02:52.000 --> 01:02:54.000 SPEAKER_01: alignment with the direction that 01:02:54.000 --> 01:02:57.000 SPEAKER_01: this technology is going. 01:02:57.000 --> 01:02:59.000 Unknown: And CEC, current CEC commissioner 01:02:59.000 --> 01:03:01.000 SPEAKER_06: was the senator. 01:03:01.000 --> 01:03:03.000 SPEAKER_06: She actually introduced a bill to 01:03:03.000 --> 01:03:05.000 SPEAKER_06: I think it was require all 01:03:05.000 --> 01:03:07.000 SPEAKER_06: electric vehicles be bidirectional 01:03:07.000 --> 01:03:08.000 SPEAKER_06: by certain year. 01:03:08.000 --> 01:03:09.000 SPEAKER_06: It failed. 01:03:09.000 --> 01:03:11.000 SPEAKER_06: But these conversations have been 01:03:11.000 --> 01:03:13.000 SPEAKER_06: ongoing for several years. 01:03:13.000 --> 01:03:14.000 SPEAKER_06: Yeah. 01:03:14.000 --> 01:03:15.000 SPEAKER_06: Everybody else? 01:03:15.000 --> 01:03:16.000 Unknown: Okay. 01:03:16.000 --> 01:03:19.000 Unknown: Then I am going to move. 01:03:19.000 --> 01:03:20.000 SPEAKER_06: Oh, no, you're going to stay 01:03:20.000 --> 01:03:22.000 SPEAKER_06: there, I think, because I'm 01:03:22.000 --> 01:03:24.000 SPEAKER_06: suspecting that you might be 01:03:24.000 --> 01:03:26.000 SPEAKER_06: needed again. 01:03:26.000 --> 01:03:28.000 SPEAKER_06: I have a couple of questions 01:03:28.000 --> 01:03:29.000 SPEAKER_06: from the board. 01:03:29.000 --> 01:03:31.000 SPEAKER_06: I have received a card from John 01:03:31.000 --> 01:03:33.000 SPEAKER_06: Weber who would like to comment 01:03:33.000 --> 01:03:34.000 SPEAKER_06: on this item. 01:03:34.000 --> 01:03:36.000 SPEAKER_06: So we'll go ahead and turn it 01:03:36.000 --> 01:03:41.000 SPEAKER_06: over to you, Mr. Weber. 01:03:41.000 --> 01:03:45.000 Unknown: Good evening, Chairwoman, board 01:03:45.000 --> 01:03:46.000 SPEAKER_07: of directors and committee 01:03:46.000 --> 01:03:47.000 SPEAKER_07: members. 01:03:47.000 --> 01:03:49.000 SPEAKER_07: Thanks for bringing this on the 01:03:49.000 --> 01:03:50.000 SPEAKER_07: agenda. 01:03:50.000 --> 01:03:51.000 SPEAKER_07: I really appreciate it. 01:03:51.000 --> 01:03:53.000 SPEAKER_07: Thanks to both of the presenters. 01:03:53.000 --> 01:03:54.000 SPEAKER_07: They were excellent. 01:03:54.000 --> 01:03:56.000 SPEAKER_07: I did have a handout. 01:03:56.000 --> 01:03:57.000 SPEAKER_07: I had 15 copies. 01:03:57.000 --> 01:03:58.000 SPEAKER_07: I see there are 16 people. 01:03:58.000 --> 01:04:00.000 SPEAKER_07: So one person might not get the 01:04:00.000 --> 01:04:01.000 SPEAKER_07: handout. 01:04:01.000 --> 01:04:02.000 SPEAKER_07: Is it this one? 01:04:02.000 --> 01:04:03.000 SPEAKER_07: So there it is. 01:04:03.000 --> 01:04:04.000 SPEAKER_07: Yep. 01:04:04.000 --> 01:04:05.000 SPEAKER_07: So you could hand that out, 01:04:05.000 --> 01:04:06.000 SPEAKER_07: please. 01:04:06.000 --> 01:04:09.000 SPEAKER_07: And what I'd like to say is that 01:04:09.000 --> 01:04:12.000 SPEAKER_07: at least one bi-directional 01:04:12.000 --> 01:04:14.000 SPEAKER_07: charging company, SIG Energy, has 01:04:14.000 --> 01:04:16.000 SPEAKER_07: found a way to communicate with 01:04:16.000 --> 01:04:19.000 SPEAKER_07: pretty much every electric vehicle 01:04:19.000 --> 01:04:21.000 SPEAKER_07: made that has DC fast charging. 01:04:21.000 --> 01:04:23.000 SPEAKER_07: They do it through the DC way. 01:04:23.000 --> 01:04:25.000 SPEAKER_07: And so that handout will show you 01:04:25.000 --> 01:04:28.000 SPEAKER_07: a list of the vehicles that it 01:04:28.000 --> 01:04:31.000 SPEAKER_07: but I would say probably 75% of 01:04:31.000 --> 01:04:34.000 SPEAKER_07: the 80% of the vehicles on the 01:04:34.000 --> 01:04:36.000 SPEAKER_07: road and Sacramento can do 01:04:36.000 --> 01:04:38.000 Unknown: bi-directional charging with this 01:04:38.000 --> 01:04:39.000 SPEAKER_07: charger. 01:04:39.000 --> 01:04:40.000 SPEAKER_07: So that's a positive thing. 01:04:40.000 --> 01:04:42.000 SPEAKER_07: So as long as you have DC fast 01:04:42.000 --> 01:04:44.000 SPEAKER_07: charging, they could connect with 01:04:44.000 --> 01:04:45.000 SPEAKER_07: their software. 01:04:45.000 --> 01:04:46.000 SPEAKER_07: The ones on the list that I 01:04:46.000 --> 01:04:49.000 SPEAKER_07: provided, those have been all 01:04:49.000 --> 01:04:51.000 SPEAKER_07: tested in the United States. 01:04:51.000 --> 01:04:52.000 SPEAKER_07: And they will go with any 01:04:52.000 --> 01:04:53.000 SPEAKER_07: different model year. 01:04:53.000 --> 01:04:55.000 SPEAKER_07: It doesn't matter. 01:04:55.000 --> 01:04:57.000 SPEAKER_07: So that's a real positive point. 01:04:57.000 --> 01:05:00.000 SPEAKER_07: And another point I saw a couple 01:05:00.000 --> 01:05:02.000 SPEAKER_07: people ask was about battery 01:05:02.000 --> 01:05:03.000 SPEAKER_07: degradation. 01:05:03.000 --> 01:05:05.000 SPEAKER_07: A few years ago, the Idaho 01:05:05.000 --> 01:05:06.000 SPEAKER_07: National Laboratory did 01:05:06.000 --> 01:05:09.000 SPEAKER_07: better radiation studies on 01:05:09.000 --> 01:05:10.000 Unknown: bi-directional charging. 01:05:10.000 --> 01:05:12.000 SPEAKER_07: And it was very favorable in some 01:05:12.000 --> 01:05:14.000 SPEAKER_07: cases depending on what they did 01:05:14.000 --> 01:05:16.000 SPEAKER_07: that the life of the battery was 01:05:16.000 --> 01:05:18.000 SPEAKER_07: actually longer. 01:05:18.000 --> 01:05:20.000 SPEAKER_07: So because of the way the 01:05:20.000 --> 01:05:22.000 SPEAKER_07: charging was versus just sitting 01:05:22.000 --> 01:05:23.000 SPEAKER_07: there. 01:05:23.000 --> 01:05:25.000 SPEAKER_07: So I think those would be very 01:05:25.000 --> 01:05:26.000 SPEAKER_07: easy to overcome. 01:05:26.000 --> 01:05:28.000 SPEAKER_07: And thanks again for the whole 01:05:28.000 --> 01:05:30.000 SPEAKER_07: committee and for the presenters. 01:05:30.000 --> 01:05:32.000 SPEAKER_07: And hopefully everybody gets that 01:05:32.000 --> 01:05:33.000 SPEAKER_07: handout. 01:05:33.000 --> 01:05:35.000 SPEAKER_07: And I can also put in written 01:05:35.000 --> 01:05:37.000 SPEAKER_07: comment when I get home tonight 01:05:37.000 --> 01:05:38.000 SPEAKER_07: a link to that handout. 01:05:38.000 --> 01:05:40.000 SPEAKER_07: So, John, I just want to make 01:05:40.000 --> 01:05:41.000 SPEAKER_06: sure I understand. 01:05:41.000 --> 01:05:43.000 SPEAKER_06: Because it's cut off on this 01:05:43.000 --> 01:05:44.000 SPEAKER_06: side. 01:05:44.000 --> 01:05:45.000 SPEAKER_07: It is, yeah. 01:05:45.000 --> 01:05:47.000 SPEAKER_07: The copy store cut off both 01:05:47.000 --> 01:05:48.000 SPEAKER_07: sides. 01:05:48.000 --> 01:05:49.000 SPEAKER_07: So the left side has a brand 01:05:49.000 --> 01:05:50.000 SPEAKER_07: name. 01:05:50.000 --> 01:05:51.000 SPEAKER_07: The first one is Volvo. 01:05:51.000 --> 01:05:53.000 SPEAKER_07: Most of the people know the 01:05:53.000 --> 01:05:54.000 SPEAKER_07: other ones. 01:05:54.000 --> 01:05:55.000 SPEAKER_07: I don't have a copy because I 01:05:55.000 --> 01:05:56.000 SPEAKER_07: gave them all away. 01:05:56.000 --> 01:05:58.000 SPEAKER_07: On the right-hand side it says 01:05:58.000 --> 01:05:59.000 SPEAKER_07: United States. 01:05:59.000 --> 01:06:01.000 SPEAKER_07: I searched just the ones that 01:06:01.000 --> 01:06:04.000 SPEAKER_07: have been tested in the U.S. and 01:06:04.000 --> 01:06:05.000 SPEAKER_07: are working. 01:06:05.000 --> 01:06:08.000 SPEAKER_07: So even like the most popular 01:06:08.000 --> 01:06:10.000 SPEAKER_07: models here, the Tesla Model 3 01:06:10.000 --> 01:06:11.000 SPEAKER_07: and Model Y both work. 01:06:11.000 --> 01:06:14.000 SPEAKER_07: So, and they weren't on the list 01:06:14.000 --> 01:06:15.000 SPEAKER_07: of the presentation. 01:06:15.000 --> 01:06:16.000 SPEAKER_07: That's why I shared that. 01:06:16.000 --> 01:06:17.000 SPEAKER_07: So you're saying that there's a 01:06:17.000 --> 01:06:20.000 SPEAKER_06: charger that can basically work 01:06:20.000 --> 01:06:21.000 SPEAKER_06: with any of the vehicles? 01:06:21.000 --> 01:06:23.000 SPEAKER_06: Pretty much any vehicle that has 01:06:23.000 --> 01:06:24.000 SPEAKER_07: DC fast charging. 01:06:24.000 --> 01:06:26.000 SPEAKER_07: Because they have a logarithm 01:06:26.000 --> 01:06:29.000 SPEAKER_07: that works through the DC port. 01:06:29.000 --> 01:06:32.000 SPEAKER_07: And, yeah, so it's not just like 01:06:32.000 --> 01:06:33.000 SPEAKER_07: a few thousand vehicles. 01:06:33.000 --> 01:06:35.000 SPEAKER_07: It's probably like 50,000 plus 01:06:35.000 --> 01:06:36.000 SPEAKER_07: vehicles. 01:06:36.000 --> 01:06:38.000 SPEAKER_07: Okay. 01:06:38.000 --> 01:06:40.000 Unknown: Might you share what you know on 01:06:40.000 --> 01:06:41.000 SPEAKER_06: this, Jay? 01:06:41.000 --> 01:06:42.000 Unknown: Yeah, absolutely. 01:06:42.000 --> 01:06:45.000 SPEAKER_01: So the way that DC fast charging 01:06:45.000 --> 01:06:48.000 SPEAKER_01: works is that it's through J1772 01:06:49.000 --> 01:06:51.000 SPEAKER_01: and it uses a CAN communication 01:06:51.000 --> 01:06:54.000 SPEAKER_01: bus to provide control signals so 01:06:54.000 --> 01:06:57.000 SPEAKER_01: that the vehicle can monitor the 01:06:57.000 --> 01:06:58.000 SPEAKER_01: speed of charging that's going in 01:06:58.000 --> 01:06:59.000 SPEAKER_01: and out of the vehicle. 01:06:59.000 --> 01:07:01.000 SPEAKER_01: And so what a number of charging 01:07:01.000 --> 01:07:03.000 SPEAKER_01: companies are looking to do is to 01:07:03.000 --> 01:07:05.000 SPEAKER_01: figure out how they can inject 01:07:05.000 --> 01:07:07.000 SPEAKER_01: their signal into that to allow 01:07:07.000 --> 01:07:09.000 SPEAKER_01: the vehicle to accept a negative 01:07:09.000 --> 01:07:11.000 SPEAKER_01: charge rate instead of a positive 01:07:11.000 --> 01:07:12.000 SPEAKER_01: charge rate. 01:07:12.000 --> 01:07:14.000 SPEAKER_01: So the vehicle thinks that it's 01:07:14.000 --> 01:07:16.000 SPEAKER_01: being charged when in reality the 01:07:17.000 --> 01:07:19.000 SPEAKER_01: charger is actually pulling 01:07:19.000 --> 01:07:21.000 SPEAKER_01: energy out of the battery pack. 01:07:21.000 --> 01:07:23.000 SPEAKER_01: I'm not particularly familiar 01:07:23.000 --> 01:07:25.000 SPEAKER_01: with this individual piece of 01:07:25.000 --> 01:07:26.000 SPEAKER_01: technology. 01:07:26.000 --> 01:07:28.000 SPEAKER_01: And while it's exciting, it is an 01:07:28.000 --> 01:07:31.000 SPEAKER_01: area that is not fully supported 01:07:31.000 --> 01:07:32.000 SPEAKER_01: by automotive OEMs. 01:07:32.000 --> 01:07:34.000 SPEAKER_01: It does have a lot of warranty 01:07:34.000 --> 01:07:35.000 SPEAKER_01: voiding issues. 01:07:35.000 --> 01:07:37.000 SPEAKER_01: And so from a feasibility 01:07:37.000 --> 01:07:38.000 SPEAKER_01: standpoint and a technical 01:07:38.000 --> 01:07:40.000 SPEAKER_01: potential standpoint, it's an 01:07:40.000 --> 01:07:41.000 SPEAKER_01: exciting conversation. 01:07:41.000 --> 01:07:43.000 SPEAKER_01: But it's one that often would 01:07:43.000 --> 01:07:44.000 SPEAKER_01: require customers to actually 01:07:44.000 --> 01:07:45.000 SPEAKER_01: directly void the warranty on 01:07:45.000 --> 01:07:47.000 SPEAKER_01: their battery in order to engage 01:07:47.000 --> 01:07:48.000 SPEAKER_01: with this type of charger. 01:07:48.000 --> 01:07:49.000 SPEAKER_01: So it's not one that we would 01:07:49.000 --> 01:07:51.000 SPEAKER_01: look at for a standard program 01:07:51.000 --> 01:07:53.000 SPEAKER_01: offering short of having full 01:07:53.000 --> 01:07:54.000 SPEAKER_01: warranty support and making sure 01:07:54.000 --> 01:07:55.000 SPEAKER_01: that we weren't doing anything 01:07:55.000 --> 01:07:57.000 SPEAKER_01: that was going to compromise the 01:07:57.000 --> 01:07:58.000 SPEAKER_01: customer's value in their 01:07:58.000 --> 01:07:59.000 SPEAKER_01: vehicle. 01:07:59.000 --> 01:08:00.000 SPEAKER_06: Still so interesting, though. 01:08:00.000 --> 01:08:01.000 SPEAKER_06: I hadn't heard of this. 01:08:01.000 --> 01:08:02.000 SPEAKER_06: Thank you, John. 01:08:02.000 --> 01:08:03.000 SPEAKER_06: Yeah, I think you'll see more of 01:08:03.000 --> 01:08:04.000 SPEAKER_07: it. 01:08:04.000 --> 01:08:05.000 SPEAKER_07: And they're working with the OEMs 01:08:05.000 --> 01:08:06.000 SPEAKER_07: currently, these chargers. 01:08:06.000 --> 01:08:07.000 SPEAKER_07: Fascinating. 01:08:07.000 --> 01:08:08.000 SPEAKER_07: So I think it'll open it up to 01:08:08.000 --> 01:08:10.000 SPEAKER_07: everything with DC fast charging. 01:08:10.000 --> 01:08:11.000 SPEAKER_07: Wow. 01:08:11.000 --> 01:08:12.000 SPEAKER_07: Thank you. 01:08:12.000 --> 01:08:14.000 SPEAKER_07: Appreciate the comments. 01:08:14.000 --> 01:08:15.000 SPEAKER_06: Yeah. 01:08:15.000 --> 01:08:18.000 Unknown: One more thing, James. 01:08:18.000 --> 01:08:20.000 SPEAKER_02: I was sort of just thinking, 01:08:20.000 --> 01:08:22.000 SPEAKER_02: right, have we given any thought 01:08:22.000 --> 01:08:26.000 SPEAKER_02: or contemplated incentives for 01:08:26.000 --> 01:08:30.000 SPEAKER_02: these chargers that are grid 01:08:30.000 --> 01:08:32.000 SPEAKER_02: intertide capable? 01:08:32.000 --> 01:08:33.000 SPEAKER_02: And if we have given any thought 01:08:33.000 --> 01:08:34.000 SPEAKER_02: to how that could be built into 01:08:34.000 --> 01:08:37.000 SPEAKER_02: the existing BPP virtual power 01:08:37.000 --> 01:08:39.000 SPEAKER_02: program as it's finally gaining 01:08:39.000 --> 01:08:42.000 SPEAKER_02: traction, we're putting out a 01:08:42.000 --> 01:08:43.000 SPEAKER_02: pretty good sized incentive for 01:08:43.000 --> 01:08:44.000 SPEAKER_02: that. 01:08:44.000 --> 01:08:45.000 SPEAKER_02: But it's the same. 01:08:45.000 --> 01:08:47.000 SPEAKER_02: It has that interconnection in 01:08:47.000 --> 01:08:48.000 Unknown: there already. 01:08:48.000 --> 01:08:49.000 SPEAKER_02: So it would be great to think. 01:08:49.000 --> 01:08:50.000 SPEAKER_02: It seems like there's a 01:08:50.000 --> 01:08:52.000 SPEAKER_02: potential sort of opening there 01:08:52.000 --> 01:08:53.000 SPEAKER_02: that you could potentially build 01:08:53.000 --> 01:08:54.000 SPEAKER_02: on. 01:08:54.000 --> 01:08:56.000 SPEAKER_02: And that's a core component of 01:08:56.000 --> 01:08:58.000 SPEAKER_01: the research and modeling that 01:08:58.000 --> 01:09:00.000 SPEAKER_01: we're doing today is figuring out 01:09:00.000 --> 01:09:01.000 SPEAKER_01: what the right level for those 01:09:01.000 --> 01:09:03.000 SPEAKER_01: types of incentives are. 01:09:03.000 --> 01:09:05.000 SPEAKER_01: We do a lot of work to try and be 01:09:05.000 --> 01:09:07.000 SPEAKER_01: almost kilowatt agnostic in terms 01:09:07.000 --> 01:09:09.000 SPEAKER_01: of the DER technology. 01:09:09.000 --> 01:09:10.000 SPEAKER_01: If it meets the same level of 01:09:10.000 --> 01:09:12.000 SPEAKER_01: performance and reliability 01:09:12.000 --> 01:09:13.000 SPEAKER_01: requirements, we want to be 01:09:13.000 --> 01:09:14.000 SPEAKER_01: paying it the same amount. 01:09:14.000 --> 01:09:16.000 SPEAKER_01: So as we're talking about what a 01:09:16.000 --> 01:09:17.000 SPEAKER_01: V2G program would look like 01:09:17.000 --> 01:09:18.000 SPEAKER_01: versus what a battery on the wall 01:09:18.000 --> 01:09:20.000 SPEAKER_01: program would look like, those 01:09:20.000 --> 01:09:21.000 SPEAKER_01: numbers start side by side. 01:09:21.000 --> 01:09:23.000 SPEAKER_01: We may derate the V2G 01:09:23.000 --> 01:09:24.000 SPEAKER_01: conversation because we don't 01:09:24.000 --> 01:09:26.000 SPEAKER_01: know that that vehicle is going 01:09:26.000 --> 01:09:27.000 SPEAKER_01: to be there. 01:09:27.000 --> 01:09:29.000 SPEAKER_01: But we calculate those numbers 01:09:29.000 --> 01:09:31.000 SPEAKER_01: being thoughtful of each other, 01:09:31.000 --> 01:09:33.000 SPEAKER_01: not independently of each other. 01:09:33.000 --> 01:09:36.000 Unknown: Okay. 01:09:36.000 --> 01:09:38.000 Unknown: Well, let's see. 01:09:38.000 --> 01:09:40.000 SPEAKER_06: We will check to see if we have 01:09:40.000 --> 01:09:42.000 SPEAKER_06: any public comments for items 01:09:42.000 --> 01:09:44.000 SPEAKER_06: that are any other virtual 01:09:44.000 --> 01:09:46.000 SPEAKER_06: attendee comments. 01:09:46.000 --> 01:09:47.000 SPEAKER_06: No, we do not. 01:09:47.000 --> 01:09:49.000 SPEAKER_06: Or any public comments for items 01:09:49.000 --> 01:09:52.000 SPEAKER_06: not on the agenda? 01:09:52.000 --> 01:09:53.000 Unknown: No. 01:09:53.000 --> 01:09:54.000 Unknown: Okay. 01:09:54.000 --> 01:09:57.000 Unknown: I don't see any. 01:09:57.000 --> 01:09:58.000 Unknown: Then let's see. 01:09:58.000 --> 01:10:00.000 Unknown: I think the written comments 01:10:00.000 --> 01:10:01.000 SPEAKER_06: received, and I want to thank 01:10:01.000 --> 01:10:04.000 SPEAKER_06: you, James and Zach, very much 01:10:04.000 --> 01:10:05.000 SPEAKER_06: for this. 01:10:05.000 --> 01:10:06.000 SPEAKER_06: It was a very interesting 01:10:06.000 --> 01:10:07.000 SPEAKER_06: conversation. 01:10:07.000 --> 01:10:09.000 SPEAKER_06: The written comments received 01:10:09.000 --> 01:10:11.000 SPEAKER_06: on items not on the agenda will 01:10:11.000 --> 01:10:12.000 SPEAKER_06: be included in the record if 01:10:12.000 --> 01:10:13.000 SPEAKER_06: received within two hours at the 01:10:13.000 --> 01:10:15.000 SPEAKER_06: end of the meeting. 01:10:15.000 --> 01:10:16.000 Unknown: The last item on the agenda is 01:10:16.000 --> 01:10:17.000 SPEAKER_06: to provide a summary of 01:10:17.000 --> 01:10:19.000 SPEAKER_06: committee direction. 01:10:19.000 --> 01:10:20.000 SPEAKER_06: Yeah. 01:10:20.000 --> 01:10:22.000 Unknown: And I would just say that for me. 01:10:22.000 --> 01:10:24.000 SPEAKER_06: I would just love to have an 01:10:24.000 --> 01:10:26.000 SPEAKER_06: update on this fairly, like, I 01:10:26.000 --> 01:10:28.000 SPEAKER_06: don't know, annually or 01:10:28.000 --> 01:10:29.000 SPEAKER_06: biannually. 01:10:29.000 --> 01:10:30.000 SPEAKER_06: It's so interesting. 01:10:30.000 --> 01:10:32.000 SPEAKER_06: And this is evolving so quickly. 01:10:32.000 --> 01:10:33.000 SPEAKER_06: We'd love to. 01:10:33.000 --> 01:10:35.000 SPEAKER_06: I mean, I would at least as one 01:10:35.000 --> 01:10:36.000 SPEAKER_06: board member. 01:10:36.000 --> 01:10:37.000 SPEAKER_06: I don't know if anybody else is 01:10:37.000 --> 01:10:38.000 SPEAKER_06: interested. 01:10:38.000 --> 01:10:39.000 SPEAKER_08: I think you're right. 01:10:39.000 --> 01:10:40.000 SPEAKER_06: Okay. 01:10:40.000 --> 01:10:41.000 SPEAKER_06: Because this could really improve 01:10:41.000 --> 01:10:42.000 SPEAKER_06: our resilience if we can figure 01:10:42.000 --> 01:10:43.000 SPEAKER_06: this out. 01:10:43.000 --> 01:10:44.000 SPEAKER_06: And I'd also like to hear how 01:10:44.000 --> 01:10:46.000 SPEAKER_06: these other pilots are starting to 01:10:46.000 --> 01:10:48.000 SPEAKER_06: come back from these other IOUs 01:10:48.000 --> 01:10:49.000 SPEAKER_06: and so forth. 01:10:49.000 --> 01:10:50.000 SPEAKER_06: Fascinating. 01:10:50.000 --> 01:10:51.000 SPEAKER_06: Okay. 01:10:51.000 --> 01:10:52.000 SPEAKER_06: So it looks like a lot of head 01:10:52.000 --> 01:10:53.000 SPEAKER_06: nighting on that. 01:10:53.000 --> 01:10:54.000 SPEAKER_06: So maybe that's the committee 01:10:54.000 --> 01:10:55.000 SPEAKER_06: direction is just hopefully every 01:10:55.000 --> 01:10:56.000 SPEAKER_06: year we can get an update on 01:10:56.000 --> 01:10:57.000 SPEAKER_06: this. 01:10:57.000 --> 01:10:58.000 SPEAKER_06: Okay. 01:10:58.000 --> 01:10:59.000 SPEAKER_06: Everybody's good. 01:10:59.000 --> 01:11:00.000 SPEAKER_06: All right. 01:11:00.000 --> 01:11:01.000 Unknown: Thank you. 01:11:01.000 --> 01:11:02.000 SPEAKER_06: And then the policy committee will 01:11:02.000 --> 01:11:03.000 SPEAKER_06: begin at the conclusion of this 01:11:03.000 --> 01:11:04.000 SPEAKER_06: meeting. 01:11:04.000 --> 01:11:05.000 SPEAKER_06: There will be a brief pause while 01:11:05.000 --> 01:11:07.000 SPEAKER_06: staff stops the recording for the 01:11:07.000 --> 01:11:08.000 SPEAKER_06: committee meeting and starts the 01:11:08.000 --> 01:11:10.000 SPEAKER_06: recording for the policy committee 01:11:10.000 --> 01:11:11.000 SPEAKER_06: meeting. 01:11:11.000 --> 01:11:12.000 SPEAKER_06: So with that we are adjourned. 01:11:12.000 --> 01:11:13.000 SPEAKER_06: And we will. 01:11:13.000 --> 01:11:14.000 Unknown: Thank you. 01:11:14.000 --> 01:11:15.000 Unknown: Thank you.